Phosphorous, nitrogen co‐doped carbon from spent coffee grounds for fuel cell applications

Ramasahayam, Sunil Kumar; Azam, Saad; Viswanathan, Tito

doi:10.1002/app.41948

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Linear sweep voltammograms were generated by rotating a modified glassy carbon electrode at speeds of 100, 400, 900, 1600, and 2500 rpm at a scan rate of 50 mV/s in O 2 saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The onset potential of SiPNDC is recorded to be −0.08 V (Figure 6) which is greater than reported values for 20% Pt/C catalyst (−0.09 V) [19] as well as phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine tri-doped graphene (−0.10 V) [51] and nitrogen doped graphene (−0.15 V) [52]. Moreover, the current density of SiPNDC is comparable to commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst [19] and nitrogen-doped carbon from aminoterephthalic acid [53].…”

Section: Rde and Rrde Studiescontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Carbon-based catalysts have been widely studied as electrocatalyst candidates for fuel cells due to the low cost, and readily available nature of the element. A vast number of carbon forms have also been explored in this area such as carbon nanotubes [10][11][12][13], aerogels [14][15][16], activated carbon [17,18], and amorphous carbon [19]. Amorphous carbon has grown in popularity due to the ease of synthesis as compared to other forms of carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Electrocatalytic Performance of Molasses Derived Co-Doped (P, N) and Tri-Doped (Si, P, N) Carbon for the ORR

et al. 2021

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There is a growing need to develop sustainable electrocatalysts to facilitate the reduction of molecular oxygen that occurs at the cathode in fuel cells, due to the excessive cost and limited availability of precious metal-based catalysts. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon (PNDC) and silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen tri-doped carbon (SiPNDC) electrocatalysts derived from molasses. This robust microwave-assisted synthesis approach is used to develop a low cost and environmentally friendly carbon with high surface area for application in fuel cells. Co-doped PNDC as well as tri-doped SiPNDC showed Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface areas of 437 and 426 m2 g−1, respectively, with well-developed porosity. However, examination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data revealed significant alteration in the doping elemental composition among both samples. The results obtained using rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements show that tri-doped SiPNDC achieves much closer to a 4-electron process than co-doped PNDC. Detailed analysis of experimental results acquired from rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) studies indicates that there is a negligible amount of peroxide formation during ORR, further confirming the direct-electron transfer pathway results obtained from RDE. Furthermore, SiPNDC shows stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance over 2500 cycles, making this material a promising electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications.

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Section: Rde and Rrde Studiescontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Electrocatalytic Performance of Molasses Derived Co-Doped (P, N) and Tri-Doped (Si, P, N) Carbon for the ORR

et al. 2021

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“…Along with the monodoped carbon catalysts discussed above, co‐doping of carbon materials with two or more different heteroatoms can further enhance the catalytic performance of the carbon catalysts by increasing the total number of active sites and through possible synergistic effects. [ 47 ] So far, co‐doping studies have been focused on co‐doping of N‐doped carbon materials with a second element, such as B, [ 69–76 ] S, [ 77–88 ] P, [ 89–106 ] and, to a less extent, Cl, [ 107 ] and Si. [ 108,109 ] A few reports on the co‐doping of carbon materials with three elements, such as N–P–S, [ 110,111 ] N–P–B, [ 112,113 ] N–P–F, [ 114 ] and N–S–F, [ 115 ] have recently appeared.…”

Section: Co‐doped C‐mfecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐N‐Doped Carbons as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts

Wang

Liu

Dai

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Ten years have passed since the discovery of the first nitrogen‐doped carbon‐based metal‐free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction, which opened a new field of catalysis toward a large variety of important applications, ranging from energy conversion and storage to environmental remediation. Various heteroatom‐doped carbons, beyond nitrogen‐doping (N‐doping), with distinctive features have also been developed for many specific reactions of practical significance (e.g., oxygen reduction (ORR), water splitting (OER and HER), CO2 reduction (CO2RR), and N2 reduction (NRR)). However, the topic of metal‐free non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts has not been reviewed till now. This article aims to review recent advances in non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, and catalytic performance in various electrochemical reactions, including the ORR, OER, HER, H2O2 production, NRR, and CO2RR. Like N‐doping, boron‐doping, phosphorus‐doping, and fluorine‐doping are found to show similar catalytic efficiency for the ORR, OER, and HER. However, oxygen‐doping and boron‐doping are particularly favorable for the selective production of H2O2 and NH3, respectively, exceeding the performance of N‐doping. Along with the timely and critical overview on the non‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts, current challenges and future perspectives for this emerging field are also discussed.

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“…It has been observed that microwave technique usually produces high surface area materials [167]. A scanning electron micrograph of phosphorous and nitrogen co-doped carbon is presented in Figure 3 [175]. Usually two heteroatoms are doped in carbon materials to form co-doped carbon materials.…”

Section: Co-doped Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Supercapacitors—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Herein, metal-free heteroatom doped carbon-based materials are being reviewed for supercapacitor and energy applications. Most of these low-cost materials considered are also derived from renewable resources. Various forms of carbon that have been employed for supercapacitor applications are described in detail, and advantages as well as disadvantages of each form are presented. Different methodologies that are being used to develop these materials are also discussed. To increase the specific capacitance, carbon-based materials are often doped with different elements. The role of doping elements on the performance of supercapacitors has been critically reviewed. It has been demonstrated that a higher content of doping elements significantly improves the supercapacitor behavior of carbon compounds. In order to attain a high percentage of elemental doping, precursors with variable ratios as well as simple modifications in the syntheses scheme have been employed. Significance of carbon-based materials doped with one and more than one heteroatom have also been presented. In addition to doping elements, other factors which play a key role in enhancing the specific capacitance values such as surface area, morphology, pore size electrolyte, and presence of functional groups on the surface of carbon-based supercapacitor materials have also been summarized.

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Phosphorous, nitrogen co‐doped carbon from spent coffee grounds for fuel cell applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 81 publications

Characterization and Electrocatalytic Performance of Molasses Derived Co-Doped (P, N) and Tri-Doped (Si, P, N) Carbon for the ORR

Characterization and Electrocatalytic Performance of Molasses Derived Co-Doped (P, N) and Tri-Doped (Si, P, N) Carbon for the ORR

Non‐N‐Doped Carbons as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts

Metal-Free Carbon-Based Supercapacitors—A Comprehensive Review

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