Phosphorous-doped bimetallic sulfides embedded in heteroatom-doped carbon nanoarrays for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors

Abstract

Flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have become a popular research topic due to their extra-long service life, foldability, and wearability. Nevertheless, their low energy density restricts their applications. Here, we synthesized phosphorus-doped bimetallic sulfides embedded in heteroatom-doped (N, S, and P) carbon shells (P-ZCS/HC) using a simple approach to create high-performance flexible electrodes. The three-dimensional architecture made by interlaced nanosheets was preserved, and raised nanoparticles appeared on the rough surface during the annealing operation, increasing the specific surface area and potential exposure to the electrolyte. It is noteworthy that the optimal P-ZCS/HC electrode possessed a remarkable capacity of 1080 C g −1 at 1 A g −1 along with superb cycling stability. These extraordinary properties were primarily caused by plentiful redox reactions, enhanced conductivity, and synergic effects of the P-doped metal sulfides and heteroatom-doped carbon shells. Density functional theory simulations confirmed the good function of the P-doped electrodes and their ability to boost conductivity, improve reactive dynamics, and promote OH − adsorption.Notably, the assembled all-solid-state hybrid SC exhibited a maximum energy density of 62.9 W h kg −1 and a power density of 16 kW kg −1 , while being able to maintain 92.0% of its initial capacity after 10,000 cycles. This systematic report provides new insight into the design and synthesis of electrodes with complex components and outstanding structures for the flexible energy field.

Phosphate functionalized CoS nanoparticles coupled with Fe2O3nanocrystals decorated on N,S co-doped porous carbon spheres for advanced hybrid supercapacitors

“…1c, the deconvoluted C 1s spectra confirm the presence of sp 2 C (284.4 eV), sp 3 C (285.1 eV), CvN/C-O (286.3 eV), and C-N/O-CvO (288.7 eV). 33 The N 1s spectra of NSC/CoS-2 and P-NSC/CoS-2 (Fig. 1d) can be fitted into four parts, which correspond to pyridinic N (398.4 eV), pyrrolic N (400.2 eV), graphitic N (400.9 eV), and oxidized N (402.5 eV).…”

Binder‐Free MOF‐Based and MOF‐Derived Nanoarrays for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage: Progress and Perspectives

“…Due to the synergistic effect of N-doped C shells and P-doped metal sulfide, the resulting P-ZCS/HC possessed plentiful redox reaction sites, displays good conductivity and remarkable capacitance. [171] Making use of the solubility difference between the products, Yang et al demonstrated to selectively prepare cobalt sulfide quantum dots (Co 9 S 8 -QDs) in Zn-MOF derived NiCoZn-LDH nanaoarrays on carbon fiber (CF) for hybrid supercapacitor. [172] Figure 8a presents the synthesis strategy of the CF@NiCoZn-LDH/Co 9 S 8 -QD nanosheet array electrode and the possible mechanism of selective vulcanization.…”

“…Due to the synergistic effect of N‐doped C shells and P‐doped metal sulfide, the resulting P‐ZCS/HC possessed plentiful redox reaction sites, displays good conductivity and remarkable capacitance. [ 171 ]…”

Role of binary metal chalcogenides in extending the limits of energy storage systems: Challenges and possible solutions

“…For the illustration, P-doped NiCo 2 S 4 was reported by phosphidation to reveal enhanced electrical conductivity and more diffusional channels due to the enlarged charge carriers and crystal defects, resulting in improved capacitive performance [206]. However, in most cases the fabrication process for both sulfidation/selenization and doping is timeconsuming and complicated as multi steps are involved during the synthesis process and may cause unwanted morphology and disordered interfaces or ruin the compound structure [18,206,207]. Therefore, a one-step synthesis process (i.e., phospho-sulfidation/phospho-selenization) could be an attractive strategy owing to lower cost, easier and less time-consuming procedures, and requisite for large-scale production than that of complicated multi-step fabrication processes [208,209].…”

“…Poor rate performance and low cycling stability owing to the slow reaction kinetics of larger ions (Na, K, and multi ions) in SIBs, PIBs, and multi-IBs are also limitations in their commercialization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In the case of SCs, inferior energy density and low rate capability are critical issues [18][19][20]. The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), bifunctional electrocatalysts with unsatisfactory activities for both ORR and OER, large overpotential, and insulating nature of discharge product in MABs are also very challenging.…”