Phosphorescent Vapochromic Responses of Copper(I) Complex Bearing Pyrazole Ligands for Detection of Alcohol Derivatives

Abstract

The methodical study of trinuclear copper(I) metal complexes phosphorescent vapochromic chemosensor via metal-metal interactions for sensing various volatile organic compounds has piqued the interest of many researchers. Herein, we highlighted the performance of chemosensors trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complexes (2Pz1‒2Pz5) with different molecular design short alkyl side chains from the respective pyrazole ligands. The synthesized complexes had demonstrated a high phosphorescent sensing capacity of various alcohol derivatives. Due to weak metal-metal interactions, the complexes give emission bands centered around 553-644 nm at an excitation of 280 nm. We found that the only 2Pz3 chemosensors showed quenching phenomena with a significant decrease in its emission intensity of 100% for exposure in 5 minutes with irreversible performance. Interestingly, we also found that the shifting of the emission center due to the disruption of metal-metal interaction performed by chemosensor 2Pz5 resulting in the best detection performance of methanol and ethanol (∆λ= 60 nm) and propanol (∆λ = 22 nm) showing autonomous recovery within 15 minutes. Based on the findings, the specific balance, such as rigidity and amphiphilicity in the molecular design of chemosensors, is important for the detection of vapors via supramolecular interactions.