Phosphorene Is the New Graphene in Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Nowadays, the research of smart materials is focusing on the allotropics, which have specific characteristics that are useful in several areas, including biomedical applications. In recent years, graphene has revealed interesting antibacterial and physical peculiarities, but it has also shown limitations. Black phosphorus has structural and biochemical properties that make it ideal for biomedical applications: 2D sheets of black phosphorus are called Black Phosphorene (BP), and it could replace graphene in the coming years. BP, similar to other 2D materials, can be used for colorimetric and fluorescent detectors, as well as for biosensing devices. BP also shows high in vivo biodegradability, producing non-toxic agents in the body. This characteristic is promising for pharmacological applications, as well as for scaffold and prosthetic coatings. BP shows low cytotoxicity, thus avoiding the induction of local inflammation or toxicity. As such, BP is a good candidate for different applications in the biomedical sector. Properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biosafety are essential for use in medicine. In this review, we have exploited all such aspects, also comparing BP with other similar materials, such as the well-known graphene.

Engineering of 2D nanomaterials to trap and kill SARS-CoV-2: a new insight from multi-microsecond atomistic simulations

“…−346.7 kJ/mole. Considering the interaction of spike protein deformed by phosphorene and graphene with ACE2, it is understood that the performance of all these nanomaterials is similar; however, because of the lower biodegradability in vivo and higher cytotoxicity of graphene, phosphorene has priority in the biological environments [52]. Moreover, oxygen exerts dissociating effects on the phosphorene nanomaterials [84].…”

“…These 2D nanomaterials include different families where graphene and its derivatives are very well-known [50,51]. Phosphorene has also been introduced as a new class of biocompatible alternative for graphene in medical science [52,53]. For example, Zhang et al [53] reported better performance of graphene compared to the phosphorene in the disruption of villin headpiece (HP35) function.…”

Engineering of 2D Materials To Trap And Kill SARS-CoV-2: A New Insight From Multi-Microsecond Atomistic Simulations

“…-346.7 kJ/mole. Considering the interaction of spike proteins deformed by phosphorene and graphene with ACE2, it is understood that the performance of all these nanosheets is similar; however, because of the lower biodegradability in vivo and higher cytotoxicity of graphene, phosphorene have priority in the biological environments [52]. Moreover, oxygen exerts dissociating effects on the phosphorene nanosheet [85].…”

“…These materials include different families where graphene and its derivatives are very well-known [50,51]. Phosphorene has also been introduced as a new class of biocompatible alternative for graphene in medical science [52,53]. For example, Zhang et al reported better performance of phosphorene compared to the graphene in the disruption of villin headpiece (HP35) function [53].…”

Chemistry of Phosphorene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications in an Update Review

“…As far as biomedical applications are concerned, 2D nanomaterials are promising in optical imaging, biosensing, phototherapy, targeted delivery, and other fields [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. The tunable band gap of phosphorene, which is size-dependent, allows its interaction with the electromagnetic field to be manipulated in a layer-dependent manner, in the ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) regions.…”