Phosphonium-Based Porous Ionic Polymer with Hydroxyl Groups: A Bifunctional and Robust Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates

Abstract

The integration of synergic hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions that facilitates the ring-opening of epoxide is an effective way to develop an active catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO2 into cyclic carbonates based on dual hydroxyls-functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromide (PQPBr-2OH) was presented. Physicochemical characterizations suggested that PQPBr-2OH possessed large surface area, hierarchical pore structure, functional hydroxyl groups, and high density of active sites. Consequently, it behaved as an efficient, recyclable, and metal-free catalyst for the additive and solvent free cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2. Comparing the activity of PQPBr-2OH with that of the reference catalysts based on mono and non-hydroxyl functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromides suggested that hydroxyl functionalities in PQPBr-2OH showed a critical promotion effect on its catalytic activity for CO2 conversion. Moreover, PQPBr-2OH proved to be quite robust and recyclable. It could be reused at least ten times with only a slight decrease of its initial activity.

Removing Calcium Ions from Remelt Syrup with Rosin-Based Macroporous Cationic Resin

“…Yoon-Nelson Model Adams-Bohart Model The FTIR spectra of RMCRs and RMCRs with adsorbed calcium ions are shown in Figure 8. The spectra show wide absorption peaks at 3410 and 3391.52 cm −1 , which assign to the O−H bond stretching vibration in the hydroxyl function groups [30]. The bands at 2987 and 2937.93 cm −1 originate from the symmetry flex vibration of C−H bonds in −CH 2 −, which are derived from the concatenation of carbonaceous species in RMCRs and remelt syrup.…”

“…The adsorption of calcium ions onto the RMCRs was carried out in a conical bottle containing 50 mL of calcium ions solution and 0.200 g of RMCRs. The adsorption isotherms of calcium ions with different initial concentrations (30,60,90,120, and 150 mg•L −1 ) were obtained at temperatures of 328, 338, and 348 K. Kinetic experiments were conducted in glass flasks that contained 500 mL of calcium ions solutions at a pH of 7.0 with a calcium ions' initial concentration of 150 mg•L −1 and 2 g of RMCRs. The conical bottles were oscillated at 100 rpm at 348 K and sampled at regular time intervals.…”

Cross-Linked Porous Polymers as Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for Task-Specific Applications in Biomass Transformations, CO2 Fixation, and Asymmetric Reactions

“…In this context, a FeCl 3 -catalyzed knitting polymerization approach with relatively less-expensive NHC-based monomer is worthy to mention here. The cationic polymers containing imidazolium and phosphonium − in the framework are reported, as shown in Figure , which involves significant interaction with CO 2 and favors CO 2 fixation, even at atmospheric pressure or in diluted CO 2 conditions at room temperature. The authors explained that the availability of abundant micropores/mesopores near the catalytic center makes the reaction very efficient.…”

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Ionic Liquid System: Promising “Ideal Catalysts” for the Fixation of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates

“…Analogous applications of hydrogen bond donor in the design of ILCs for the CO 2 cycloaddition reaction with epoxides have been employed in many reports. [88][89] And it has become a common but effective way of improving the activity of ILCs instead of adding metallic additives as the acid center. Shi Wu et al [61] synthesized a sequence of imidazolium ILCs functionalized by phenolic hydroxyl groups for the title reaction.…”