Phosphonate-Functionalized Poly(phthalazinone ether ketones) Induce the Formation of Apatite Coatings for Enhanced Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity

Abstract

Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK), a poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK), has good thermal stability, nitrogen-containing functional groups, and bone-like mechanical properties. However, its surface biological inertness limits its application in biomedical applications. This paper presents the synthesis of PPEK modified with quantitative introduction of phosphonate groups (PPPEK) by a simple wet chemical modification method. The biomineralization process is regulated by the number of phosphonate groups, and a coating similar to bone apatite is deposited on the surface of PPEK substrates, thus greatly improving the biocompatibility of the material surface. The chemical structures of PPPEK are confirmed by 1 H NMR and FTIR. Microstructural and compositional studies performed by SEM, TEM, XPS, and XRD reveal that apatite coating is significantly enhanced with the increase in the phosphonate groups on the PPEK substrate. In addition, cell culture studies show that apatite coating induced by PPPEK promoted cell viability, cell adhesion, and osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Enhancing interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) composites by the hybrid sizing agent of hydroxyapatite‐reinforced PAEK‐COOH

“…This study investigated the toxicity of the autoclaved composites to the MC3T3‐E1 cells by the MTT assay 49 . According to Figure 10, the composites demonstrated good biosafety and no cytotoxicity when the survival rate of MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured in the extracts for 1 and 3 days was greater than 80% at different concentrations.…”

Stabilization of Apatite Coatings on PPENK Surfaces by Mechanical Interlocking to Promote Bioactivity and Osseointegration In Vivo

“…The SBF solution was configured as previously worked (detailed recipes were in the support information) . PPENK3-PDA/P was immersed in 1.5× SBF and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days.…”

“…The SBF solution was configured as previously worked (detailed recipes were in the support information). 34 PPENK3-PDA/P was immersed in 1.5× SBF and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. The solution was changed once in 24 h in order to maintain its ionic concentration.…”

“…The 3D nanoporous structure could cause reduced hydrophilicity and lead to poor biomineralization. Therefore, PDA coatings grafted with phosphonate groups are introduced into the 3D structure using our previous method to enhance biomineralization. , The apatite coating can be deposited in large quantities into 3D nanoporous structure, and the stability of the apatite coating is enhanced by the formation of a mechanical interlocking between the apatite coating and the substrate. Subsequently, the modulation of osteocompatibility and osteoconductivity by apatite coating on the 3D nanoporous surface of the PPENK substrate was systematically investigated in vitro and in vivo.…”

Preparation and characterization of transparent polyetherketone

“…As a classic high‐performance poly(aryletherketone), 46–48 polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 49–55 has good mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, excellent solvent resistance, and heat resistance 56–59 . However, there are rare reports on the high‐temperature resistant transparent PEEK films, probably because PEEK is a crystalline engineering plastic.…”