Phosphomolybdic acid/chitosan as acid solid catalyst using for biodiesel production from pomegranate seed oil via microwave heating system: RSM optimization and kinetic study

Fabrication of mixed matrix membranes with regulated MOF fillersviaincorporating guest molecules for optimizing light hydrocarbon separation performance

“…31 Furthermore, the peaks at around 1011 cm −1 (P–O), 953 cm −1 (MoO), and 880 cm −1 (Mo–O–Mo) belonging to PMA and the strong absorption bands of the OSO symmetric stretching mode (1213 cm −1 ) and S–O stretching vibration (1107 cm −1 ) belonging to –SO 3 H or –SO 3 Ag were also observed in Fig. S8a–c † 35–37.…”

“…4a). 34 For PMA@MIL-101(1 : 2), the 35,36 For MIL-101-SO 3 H and MIL-101-SO 3 Ag, the strong absorption bands are observed at 1190, 1085 and 1022 cm −1 for both samples, which can be assigned to the OSO symmetric stretching mode, 37 the in-plane skeletal vibration of the benzene ring with a sulfonic substituent mode, and the S-O stretching vibration, respectively (Fig. 4b).…”

Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Mechanistic Studies on the Effect of the Preparation Method on the Catalytic Activity of Synthetic Zeolite-A during the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

“…There is rapid growth in the cost of crude oil around the world as well as its extraction processes; this is in addition to the extensive and controlled consumption of common traditional fossil fuels [1,2]. Moreover, the consumption of these fuels is associated with serious environmental concerns, which are related to the immense emissions of the essential greenhouse gases and their side impacts on the climate change phenomenon [3,4].…”

“…The commonly produced biodiesel forms exhibit biodegradable, nontoxic, sulfurfree, sustainable, low toxic emission, and commercialization properties [7][8][9]. The determined physical properties of biodiesel, such as its viscosity, flash point, cetane number, and calorific value, qualify most of the introduced products to be applied effectively and safely as fuel in the engines either as a single phase or as an integrated phase in a blend with the common traditional diesel [1,10,11]. Thereby, biodiesel fuels represent promising additional energy supplies and potential alternatives for the common fossil fuels to face their environmental drawbacks and match the future shortage in the traditional energy supplies in the world [12][13][14].…”

Biocatalysts Synthesized with Lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia on Glycol-Modified ZIF-8: Characterization and Utilization in the Synthesis of Green Biodiesel

“…Many studies have been performed on the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts to reduce the problems of homogeneous catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. Among them are oxides and derivatives of alkali metals [ 6 , 21 ], alkaline earth metal oxides supported with copper oxide [ 22 ], ion exchange resins and sulfated oxides [ 16 , 23 ], heterogeneous catalysts based on waste materials [ 24 ], and heterogeneous catalysts based on enzymes [ 25 , 26 ]. In particular, the latter catalysts have awakened great interest in the scientific community [ 27 ], especially those resulting from the immobilization of enzymes on MOFs-type supports, because these supports confer greater catalytic activity, greater stability, and allow reuse [ 28 , 29 ] to the new structural configurations in relation to other types of supports.…”