“…Several excellent review literature on the conversion of cellulose have been reported, with focus on the discussion of different solid acid catalysts (e.g., Kobayashi et al, 2010;Pang et al, 2010;Rinaldi et al, 2010;Tian et al, 2010Tian et al, , 2011Wu et al, 2010;Akiyama et al, 2011;Komanoya et al, 2011;Lai et al, 2011;Ogasawara et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011). Compared with other solid acids, HPA catalysts are more favorable for hydrolysis of cellulose, considering that they have some unique properties such as stronger acidity compared to other mineral acids (e.g., H 2 SO 4 , HCl), high redox properties, good thermal stability, easy separation, good reusability, fewer side products, less waste generation, non-toxicity, and easy handling, as illustrated in Figure 1 (Kozhevnikov, 1987(Kozhevnikov, , 1998Mizuno and Misono, 1994;Kaur and Kozhevnikov, 2002; et al., 2009a;Yang et al, 2011;Deng et al, 2012;Reddy et al, 2012;de Op Beeck et al, 2013). Furthermore, HPA catalysts can be used in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.…”