Phospholipid, Sphingolipid, and Fatty Acid Compositions of the Milk Fat Globule Membrane are Modified by Diet

Abstract

The phospholipid and sphingolipid composition of milk is of considerable interest regarding their nutritional and functional properties. The objective of this article was to determine the lipid composition of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) of milk from cows fed a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The experiments were performed with 2 groups of 6 cows feeding on (i) maize silage ad libitum (+ grassland hay, mixture of cereals, soyabean meal) or (ii) the maize silage-based diet supplemented with extruded linseed (bringing a lipid proportion of 5% of dry matter). The phospholipid and sphingolipid composition of the MFGM was determined using HPLC/ELSD. The fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids and phospholipids was determined using GC. As expected, the linseed-supplemented diet decreased the saturated FA and increased the unsaturated FA content in milk fat. MFGM in milk from cows fed the diet rich in polyunsaturated FA resulted in (i) a higher amount of phospholipids (+ 18%), which was related to a smaller size of milk fat globules (ii) an increase of 30% (w/w) of the concentration in sphingomyelin, (iii) a higher content in stearic acid (1.7-fold), unsaturated FA (1.36-fold), and C18:1 trans FA: 7.2 +/- 0.5% (3.7-fold). The MFGM contained a higher concentration of unsaturated FA (C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) and very long-chain FA (C22:0, C23:0, C24:0, EPA, DHA) compared with total lipids extracted from milk. The technological, sensorial, and nutritional consequences of these changes in the lipid composition of the MFGM induced by dietary manipulation remain to be elucidated.

Fat and Fatty Acid Terminology, Methods of Analysis and Fat Digestion and Metabolism: A Background Review Paper

“…Overnight heating at 95 ° C with 10% BF 3 -MeOH has been used for preparation methyl esters from sphingolipids [Lopez et al, 2008].…”

Buffalo (Bubalus bubilis) colostrum and milk fat globule membrane fractions are potent antioxidants

“…They migrate through the cytoplasm, gradually increasing in size, as the synthesis of TAG proceeds. MFG are secreted from the apical surface of the cell, surrounded by a thin biological bilayer membrane called the Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) [7,8]. Milk is a complex biological fluid used as a food by all the mammalians in nature and also in the manufacture of a wide range of dairy products.…”

“…They migrate through the cytoplasm, gradually increasing in size, as the synthesis of TAG proceeds. MFG are secreted from the apical surface of the cell, surrounded by a thin biological bilayer membrane called the Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) [7,8]. The MFGM contains many bioactive compounds which are involved with several biological functions and health benefits, such as neonatal gut maturation, antibacterial infection, inhibition of colon development and lowering cholesterol absorption [9,10].…”

Influence of glucogenic dietary supplementation and reproductive state of dairy cows on the composition of lipids in milk

“…Milk polar lipid composition and concentration are closely associated with lactation stage (Bitman and Wood, 1990), genetic predisposition (Argov-Argaman et al, 2013), plasma insulin concentration (Argov-Argaman et al, 2012) and diet (Lopez et al, 2008). In general, milk polar lipid composition and concentration are altered when systemic or local -within the mammary gland -changes in lipid metabolism are induced.…”