Phospholipid spherules (liposomes) as a model for biological membranes

Sessa, Grazia; Weissmann, Gerald

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)43097-4

Cited by 375 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Liposomes were introduced in 1961 by Bangham et al [ 242 ] They are nano- and micro-sized vesicles that can have just one (unilamellar) or multiple (multilamellar) lipid bilayers [ 243 , 244 ] ( Figure 5 A). Unilamellar vesicles can range in size from 20 nm to more than 1 µM, and depending on their size are classified as small (20–100 nm), large (larger than 100 nm), or giant (larger than 1 µM), with the latter vesicles being closer to the size of a cell.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Most Widely Used Lipid Membrane Mimetics And Their Applications In Functional And Structural Studies Of Integmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins

et al. 2021

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Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) fulfill important physiological functions by providing cell–environment, cell–cell and virus–host communication; nutrients intake; export of toxic compounds out of cells; and more. However, some IMPs have obliterated functions due to polypeptide mutations, modifications in membrane properties and/or other environmental factors—resulting in damaged binding to ligands and the adoption of non-physiological conformations that prevent the protein from returning to its physiological state. Thus, elucidating IMPs’ mechanisms of function and malfunction at the molecular level is important for enhancing our understanding of cell and organism physiology. This understanding also helps pharmaceutical developments for restoring or inhibiting protein activity. To this end, in vitro studies provide invaluable information about IMPs’ structure and the relation between structural dynamics and function. Typically, these studies are conducted on transferred from native membranes to membrane-mimicking nano-platforms (membrane mimetics) purified IMPs. Here, we review the most widely used membrane mimetics in structural and functional studies of IMPs. These membrane mimetics are detergents, liposomes, bicelles, nanodiscs/Lipodisqs, amphipols, and lipidic cubic phases. We also discuss the protocols for IMPs reconstitution in membrane mimetics as well as the applicability of these membrane mimetic-IMP complexes in studies via a variety of biochemical, biophysical, and structural biology techniques.

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Section: An Overview Of the Most Widely Used Lipid Membrane Mimetics And Their Applications In Functional And Structural Studies Of Integmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins

et al. 2021

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“…Liposomes were the first NPs to be successfully harnessed for drug delivery, and are experiencing an exponential evolution since almost 50 years ago [307]. Doxil® was the first nanotherapeutic approved by FDA in 1995 [308].…”

Section: Doxil®/caelyx®mentioning

confidence: 99%

A glance over doxorubicin based-nanotherapeutics: From proof-of-concept studies to solutions in the market

Gonçalves

Mignani

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Journal of Controlled Release

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and, as such, efforts are being done to find new chemotherapeutic drugs or, alternatively, novel approaches for the delivery of old ones. In this scope, when used as vehicles for drugs, nanomaterials may potentially maximize the efficacy of the treatment and reduce its side effects, for example by a change in drug's pharmacokinetics, cell targeting and/or specific stimuli-responsiveness. This is the case of doxorubicin (DOX) that presents a broad spectrum of activity and is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs as first-line treatment. Indeed, DOX is a very interesting example of a drug for which several nanosized delivery systems have been developed over the years. While it is true that some of these systems are already in the market, it is also true that research on this subject remains very active and that there is a continuing search for new solutions. In this sense, this review takes the example of doxorubicin, not so much with the focus on the drug itself, but rather as a case study around which very diverse and imaginative nanotechnology approaches have emerged.

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“…For example, PLGA nanoparticles conveying doxorubicin are purportedly fit for getting away the endolysosomal compartment by an inversion of their surface charge. This permits the particles to connect with the layer and departure into the cytosol where the doxorubicin is released (Sessa et al, 1968). There are various sources that report time-and focus subordinate take-up of nanoparticles by an assortment of cell types, for example, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and tumor cells.…”

Section: Advantages Of Using Nanomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on potential drug delivery system as a treatment of intercellular bacterial infection

Manna¹,

Shil²

2020

jpadr

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Introduction: Intracellular bacterial pathogens are hard to treat because of the inability of conventional antimicrobial agents belonging to widely used classes, like aminoglycosides and β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, or macrolides to penetrate, accumulate, or be retained in the mammalian cells. The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance complicates more the treatment of the diseases caused by these agents. Objectives: The purpose of this chapter is to present the limitations of each class of antibiotics in targeting intracellular pathogens and the main research directions for the development of drug delivery systems for the intracellular release of antibiotics. Methods: Different improved drug carriers have been developed for treating intracellular pathogens, including antibiotics loaded into liposomes, microspheres, polymeric carriers, and nanoplexes. Results: In many cases, the increase in therapeutic doses and treatment duration is accompanied by the occurrence of severe side effects. Taking into account the huge financial investment associated with bringing a new antibiotic to the market and the limited lifetime of antibiotics, the design of drug delivery systems to enable the targeting of antibiotics inside the cells, to improve their activity in different intracellular niches at different pH and oxygen concentrations, and to achieve a reduced dosage and frequency of administration could represent a prudent choice. An ideal drug delivery system should possess several properties, such as antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for use in biomedical and pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusions: This approach allow reviving old antibiotics rendered useless by resistance or toxicity, rescuing the last line therapy antibiotics by increasing the therapeutic index, widening the antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics scaffolds that failed due to membrane permeability problems, and thus reducing the gap between increasingly drug-resistant pathogens and the development of new antibiotics.

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Phospholipid spherules (liposomes) as a model for biological membranes

Cited by 375 publications

References 32 publications

Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins

Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins

A glance over doxorubicin based-nanotherapeutics: From proof-of-concept studies to solutions in the market

A review on potential drug delivery system as a treatment of intercellular bacterial infection

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