Phospholipase C, proteinase and hemolytic activities of Candida spp. isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Kumar, Vineet; Ragunathan, Latha; Vedhagiri, Kumaresan; Sathiamoorthi, T.; Jayarani, G; Sasikala, R.; Selvin, Joseph; Natarajaseenivasan, Kalimuthusamy

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.11.002

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most widely used diagnostic method for phospholipase determination is based on yeast growth in an egg yolk agar media. Furthermore, contrary to the few studies on C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis (Kumar et al, 2009), no studies have been reported concerning C. glabrata phospholipase production. There have been contradictory findings, with some investigators reporting phospholipase activity in 51% of the strains assayed (Ghannoum, 2000) and others finding no phospholipase activity in the examined strains (Kantarciǒlu & Yücel, 2002).…”

Section: Hydrolytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Thus, haemolysins are considered key virulence factors enabling pathogen survival and persistence in the host (Manns et al, 1994;Watanabe et al, 1999;Luo et al, 2004). Other authors (Furlaneto-Maia et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2009;Negri et al, 2010b) only observed production of haemolysins by C. albicans. Production of this haemolytic factor may be regulated by the presence of glucose in the growth medium.…”

Section: Hydrolytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosisandCandida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

et al. 2012

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The incidence of infections caused by Candida species (candidosis) has increased considerably over the past three decades, mainly due to the rise of the AIDS epidemic, an increasingly aged population, higher numbers of immunocompromised patients and the more widespread use of indwelling medical devices. Candida albicans is the main cause of candidosis; however, non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species such as Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis are now frequently identified as human pathogens. The apparent increased emergence of these species as human pathogens can be attributed to improved identification methods and also associated with the degree of diseases of the patients, the interventions that they were subjected and the drugs used. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, most importantly adherence to host surfaces including medical devices, biofilm formation and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. proteases, phospholipases and haemolysins). Furthermore, despite extensive research to identify pathogenic factors in fungi, particularly in C. albicans, relatively little is known about NCAC species. This review provides information on the current state of knowledge on the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis.

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Section: Hydrolytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Hydrolytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosisandCandida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

et al. 2012

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“…On the hand, little information is available concerning the role of extracellular enzymes in the colonization of Candida in neutropenic patients. A few isolates were phospholipase and protease positive in the study of Negri et al, (31), whereas in contrast, 100% and 72.9% of Candida species from pulmonary tuberculosis patients produced proteases and phospholipase as reported by Kumar et al (32). More researchers believe that the virulence in C. albicans is correlated with the combination of several factors including, high phospholipase activity and germ tube production (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Frequency, Antifungal Susceptibility and Enzymatic Profiles of Candida Species Isolated from Neutropenic Patients

Gharaghani

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Mahmoudabadi

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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BackgroundNeutropenia, as a predisposing factor for invasive candidiasis, is defined as a reduction in neutrophil count to less than 1500/mm3. It is a common condition in patients with hematological malignancy and cytostatic chemotherapy. Extensive chemotherapy and prophylaxis with antifungals have increased the resistance of Candida isolates to antifungal drugs. Although, Candida albicans is the most common causative agent among neutropenic patients, there is an increasing rate of non-albicans species. Extracellular enzymes activity pattern and antifungal agent sensitivity profiles are two important factors for spreading resistant strains.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify the Candida strains isolated from hospitalized neutropenic patients. The patterns of antifungal susceptibility of the causative agents to antifungals and the extracellular enzymes activity of the isolates were also evaluated.Patients and MethodsIn the present study, 243 urine and 243 oral swab samples were collected from neutropenic patients and inoculated on CHROMagar Candida. In addition, 100 blood samples were also inoculated in biphasic Brain Heart Infusion medium. Several yeast isolates were isolated from samples and identified by classical and molecular techniques. The profiles of extracellular enzymes and the susceptibility of recovered agents to amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 110 yeast strains isolated from urine and oral cavities were identified as C. albicans (51.8%), C. krusei (25.5%), C. glabrata (6.4%) and other yeasts (16.3%). No yeast species was isolated from blood samples. Our result showed that in 90% of the isolates, the range of secretion of extracellular enzymes was medium (2+) and high (3+), however only a few isolates were negative for this characteristic. All isolates were sensitive to caspofungin and fluconazole, whereas 54.7% of isolates were resistant to amphotericin B.ConclusionsWe found a marked increase in the incidence of non-albicans species (48.2%) among neutropenic patients. Only a few strains failed to produce extracellular enzymes. Finally, in addition to fluconazole, caspofungin can be considered as the first line treatment against Candida species among neutropenic patients.

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“…Among the several virulence factors, the ability to secrete hydrolytic enzymes has already been described for several Candida species, but not for C. bracarensis [18,[24][25][26]. Those compounds play a major role in the pathogenicity of these microorganisms since they are responsible for host tissue destruction [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, concerning phospholipase activity, none of the strains of C. bracarensis produced extracellular phospholipases, like C. glabrata, but unlike C. albicans. On the contrary, all strains of C. bracarensis expressed total hemolytic activity, like the other species [18,24,26]. Concerning the antifungal agents' effect, C. bracarensis strains presented different susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole, in planktonic lifestyle ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida bracarensis: Evaluation of Virulence Factors and its Tolerance to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole

et al. 2015

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Candida bracarensis is an uncommon Candida species found during an epidemiological study of candidiasis performed in Braga, Portugal. Initially, it was identified as C. glabrata, but recently detailed analyses pointed out their differences. So, little information is still available about C. bracarensis virulence factors and antifungal susceptibilities. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to evaluate the ability of C. bracarensis to form biofilms, to produce hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, phospholipases and hemolysins), as well as its susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole. It was shown, for the first time, that all C. bracarensis strains were able to form biofilms and display proteinase and hemolytic activities. Moreover, although planktonic cells presented antifungal susceptibility, amphotericin B and fluconazole were unable to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-formed biofilms. Due to the propensity of C. bracarensis to display antifungal resistance and virulence attributes, the control of these emerging pathogens is recommended.

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Phospholipase C, proteinase and hemolytic activities of Candida spp. isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosisandCandida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosisandCandida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

The Frequency, Antifungal Susceptibility and Enzymatic Profiles of Candida Species Isolated from Neutropenic Patients

Candida bracarensis: Evaluation of Virulence Factors and its Tolerance to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole

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