Phospholipase A 2 plays an important role in myelin breakdown and phagocytosis during wallerian degeneration

De, Susna; Trigueros, Marcelino Avilés; Kalyvas, Athena; David, Samuel

doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00241-0

Cited by 67 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Overexpression of PLA 2 could also be induced by experimental sciatic nerve injury. In addition, PLA 2 was not expressed in lesioned nerves of C57BL/ Wld(s) mice displaying severely retarded WD, and PLA 2 blockade resulted in reduced myelin breakdown and phagocytosis in distal nerve segments [126] . In keeping with these results, knockout and pharmacological inhibition studies established specific roles for different PLA 2 families during WD.…”

Section: Aa and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration

Cámara-Lemarroy

Garza²,

Fernández-Garza³

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Wallerian degeneration, the self-destructive set of cellular and molecular processes by which degenerating axons and myelin are cleared after injury, is initiated by macrophages and Schwann cells. Molecular inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, among others), transcription factors (NF-ĸB, c-Jun), the complement system and arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to modulate these processes in various studies. However, the exact role that each of these mediators plays during axonal degeneration and regeneration has not been fully established. Understanding the molecular basis of these interactions between the immune system and peripheral nerve injury would open the possibility of targeting these inflammatory mediators as therapeutic interventions. In this review we attempt to integrate the current evidence generated around this issue, and to explore the therapeutic possibilities that arise.

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Section: Aa and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration

Cámara-Lemarroy

Garza²,

Fernández-Garza³

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…It was demonstrated that PLA2 was highly expressed in Schwann cells within the first 5 hours and that PLA2 was incrementally expressed in Schwann cells and in immune cells in the distal segment for 10 days following the peripheral nerve damage coinciding with the period during which myelin destruction and phagocytosis peak (14). PLA2 hydrolyzes phosphotydilcholine leading to liberation of lipophosphotydilcholine and arachidonic acid that induces myelin destruction.…”

Section: Figure 5: Graphs Depicting Mean Density (A) and Total Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the dose-dependency of citicoline effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury

Kaplan¹,

Kafa²,

Cansev³

et al. 2013

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm:The aim of this study was to investigate the dose dependence of citicoline's previously-reported effects on recovery of peripheral nerve injury. mAterIAl and methOds: Right sciatic nerves of sixty adult female Wistar Albino rats were incised and primary anastomosis was performed. Rats were then divided into four groups: Control group received 2 ml of saline intraperitoneally, while rats in C-300, C-600 and C-900 groups received 300 μmol/kg, 600 μmol/kg and 900 μmol/kg citicoline dissolved in 2 ml saline, respectively. Rats were tested for sciatic functional index (SFI) on the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks and electrophysiological recordings were obtained on the 12th week. Rats were then sacrificed to investigate nerve adhesions and perform histomorphological examinations. results:Our results showed that rats in C-600 and C-900 groups had significantly lesser neural adhesion and greater SFI and electrophysiological score than those in the Control and C-300 groups (p<0.05). Mean density and total number of functionally myelinated axons were significantly increased in C-900 group, while perineural scar tissue formation was reduced in all citicoline-treated groups. COnClusIOn:We conclude that citicoline exhibits dose-dependent effects on axonal regeneration and recovery without scar formation in a rat model of peripheral nerve incision and primary anastomosis.

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“…The process of WD can be induced by autoimmune or inflammatory injuries to the axon, as well as by laceration and crush. The term WD now refers to the following events in the distal stump: injury is followed by Ca 2+ influx and axonal protease activation [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] ; an important process is the activation and recruitment of macrophages that respond with phagocytosis, leading to the clearance of axonal debris and myelin that is required for axonal repair or regeneration [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression changes and bioinformatic analysis of Wallerian degeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rat

Yao

Shen

et al. 2013

Neurosci. Bull.

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Wallerian degeneration (WD) remains an important research topic. Many genes are differentially expressed during the process of WD, but the precise mechanisms responsible for these differentiations are not completely understood. In this study, we used microarrays to analyze the expression changes of the distal nerve stump at 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after sciatic nerve injury in rats. The data revealed 6 076 differentially-expressed genes, with 23 types of expression, specifically enriched in genes associated with nerve development and axonogenesis, cytokine biosynthesis, cell differentiation, cytokine/chemokine production, neuron differentiation, cytokinesis, phosphorylation and axon regeneration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis gave findings related mainly to the MAPK signaling pathway, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, the cell cycle, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway and the Wnt signaling pathway. Some key factors were NGF, MAG, CNTF, CTNNA2, p53, JAK2, PLCB1, STAT3, BDNF, PRKC, collagen II, FGF, THBS4, TNC and c-Src, which were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the functional analysis of differentially-expressed genes in WD and may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of nerve degeneration and regeneration.

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Phospholipase A 2 plays an important role in myelin breakdown and phagocytosis during wallerian degeneration

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

Molecular Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration

Molecular Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration

Investigation of the dose-dependency of citicoline effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury

Expression changes and bioinformatic analysis of Wallerian degeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rat

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