Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Required for Process Outgrowth and Cell Polarization of Gastrulating Mesendodermal Cells

Montero, Juan A.; Kilian, Beate; Chan, Joanne; Bayliss, Peter E.; Heisenberg, Carl‐Philipp

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00505-0

Cited by 123 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…1 L and M). It has furthermore been established that, in front cells, the PH domain of PKB, a downstream effector of PI3K activity, localizes at the leading edge of the cell (13). By using a PH-mCherry fusion, we found similar anterior accumulations in cells within the prechordal plate: both inner cells and cells in contact with the outside of the plate (n = 4 and n = 11, respectively; Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…During gastrulation, this group leads the forming axis, migrating from the embryonic organizer to the animal pole, to later give rise to the hatching gland (13,14). The prechordal plate has been described as a cohesive group, the cohesion of which is thought to be required for effective migration (15,16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Xenopus, PDGF is required to orient prechordal plate cells toward the animal pole (18). In fish, PDGF and its downstream effector PI3K are required for cell polarization and motility, and prechordal plate cells can respond in vitro to a source of PDGF (13). However, no localized source of PDGF has been identified in the embryo, and, more importantly, prechordal plate still migrates toward the animal pole in absence of PDGF signaling, suggesting the existence of other mechanisms ensuring directionality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of function experiments have shown that leading edge cells require a PDGF/PI3K pathway for process outgrowth and cell polarization (13). To test if posterior cells have a similar requirement for PI3K activity, we transplanted cells expressing a dominantnegative (DN) form of PI3K (DN-PI3K) and Lifeact-mCherry into the shield of Tg(gsc:GFP) hosts ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collective mesendoderm migration relies on an intrinsic directionality signal transmitted through cell contacts

Dumortier

Martin

Meyer

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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Collective cell migration is key to morphogenesis, wound healing, or cancer cell migration. However, its cellular bases are just starting to be unraveled. During vertebrate gastrulation, axial mesendoderm migrates in a group, the prechordal plate, from the embryonic organizer to the animal pole. How this collective migration is achieved remains unclear. Previous work has suggested that cells migrate as individuals, with collective movement resulting from the addition of similar individual cell behavior. Through extensive analyses of cell trajectories, morphologies, and polarization in zebrafish embryos, we reveal that all prechordal plate cells show the same behavior and rely on the same signaling pathway to migrate, as expected if they do so individually. However, by using cell transplants, we demonstrate that prechordal plate migration is a true collective process, as isolated cells do not migrate toward the animal pole. They are still polarized and motile but lose directionality. Directionality is restored upon contact with the endogenous prechordal plate. This contact dependent orientation relies on E-cadherin, Wnt-PCP signaling, and Rac1. Importantly, groups of cells also need contact with the endogenous plate to orient correctly, showing an instructive role of the plate in establishing directionality. Overall, our results lead to an original model of collective migration in which directional information is contained within the moving group rather than provided by extrinsic cues, and constantly maintained in cells by contacts with their neighbors. This self-organizing model could account for collective invasion of new territories, as observed in cancer strands, without requirement for any attractant in the colonized tissue.embryogenesis | cell movement | 3D tracking

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confidence: 99%

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Collective mesendoderm migration relies on an intrinsic directionality signal transmitted through cell contacts

Dumortier

Martin

Meyer

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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“…PI3Kγ cDNA genes have been cloned from Mus musculus [2], Rattus norvegicus [1], Danio rerio [16], and Homo sapiens [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning and Characterization of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ cDNA from Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Jeong¹,

Youn²,

Ji³

et al. 2014

Journal of Life Science

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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a central role in cell signaling and leads to cell proliferation, survival, motility, exocytosis, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, as well as specialized cell responses, superoxide production, and cardiac myocyte growth. PI3K is divided into three classes; type I PI3K is preferentially expressed in leukocytes and activated by βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. In this study, the cDNAs encoding the PI3Kγ gene were isolated from a brain cDNA library constructed using the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The sequence of the isolated PI3Kγ was 1341 bp, encoding 447 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the PI3Kγ gene was analyzed with that of other species, including Oreochromis niloticus and Danio rerio, and it turned out to be well conserved during evolution. The PI3Kγ gene was subcloned into the expression vector pET-44a(+), and expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3) codon plus cell. The resulting protein was expressed as a fusion protein of approximately 49 kDa containing a C-terminal six-histidine extension that was derived from the expression vector. The expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by His-tag affinity chromatography and showed enzymatic activity corresponding to PI3Kγ. The binding of wortmannin to PI3Kγ, as detected by anti-wortmannin antisera, closely followed the inhibition of the kinase activities. The results obtained from this study will provide a wider base of knowledge on the primary structure and characterization of the PI3Kγ at the molecular level.

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Cell Movements during Early Vertebrate Morphogenesis

Münsterberg¹,

Wheeler²

2005

Cell Signaling and Growth Factors in Development

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Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Required for Process Outgrowth and Cell Polarization of Gastrulating Mesendodermal Cells

Cited by 123 publications

References 37 publications

Collective mesendoderm migration relies on an intrinsic directionality signal transmitted through cell contacts

Collective mesendoderm migration relies on an intrinsic directionality signal transmitted through cell contacts

Cloning and Characterization of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ cDNA from Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Cell Movements during Early Vertebrate Morphogenesis

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