Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Synthesis: Effect of the Molar Ratio OH−/Ca2+ on the Conversion Process

Idboufrade, Amine; Bouargane, Brahim; Ennasraoui, Brahim; Biyoune, Mohamed Ghali; Bachar, Ahmed; Bakiz, B.; Atbir, Ali; Mançour-Billah, S.

doi:10.1007/s12649-021-01600-0

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ammonium sulfate is a high-quality fertilizer and calcium carbonate is an important industrial raw material. Idboufrade et al [151] also implemented this technique to transform PG sourced from Morocco to these two products. In the course of the procedure, the pure compounds (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CaCO 3 were acquired with a molar ratio of n(NH 4 OH/PG) = 4 under the condition of 3.5 h, 25 • C, 500 rpm, and 20 mL/min of CO 2 flow rate.…”

Section: Chemical Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

Guan,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct during the phosphoric acid production process, also known as the wet process, contains complex and diverse impurities, resulting in low utilization and considerable accumulation. This leads to a massive waste of land resources and a series of environmental pollution problems. Given the current urgent ecological and environmental situation, developing impurity removal processes with low energy consumption and high efficiency, exploring valuable resource recovery, preparing high value-added PG products, and broadening the comprehensive utilization ways of PG are significant strategies to promote the sustainable consumption of PG and sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of existing PG impurity removal and utilization technologies and probes into the future development direction, which provides references and ideas for subsequent PG research.

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Section: Chemical Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

Guan,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Furthermore, Table 2 shows that reaction (3) is more dependent on temperature. It is advisable to study reaction (3) by changing not only the temperature but also the pressure, on appropriate laboratory equipment, for example, in an autoclave [24][25][26]. The change in the enthalpy of the reactions showed that the reactions using Na2CO3 and K2CO3 are exothermic.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculations Of Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impurities on the Process of Obtaining Calcium Carbonate during the Processing of Phosphogypsum

et al. 2022

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The article is devoted to the study of the influence of residual sulfuric and phosphoric acids on the process of processing large-tonnage phosphogypsum (PG) waste into calcium carbonate. In the Russian Federation, about 10 percent of existing phosphogypsum waste is processed into construction materials. Acidic impurities (phosphoric and sulfuric acids) in their composition are an obstacle to the use of phosphogypsum for the production of binders. This study finds that impurities also reduce the chemical activity of phosphogypsum. At the same time, the paper focuses on the potential of phosphogypsum for the production of calcium carbonate. This article investigated the amount of impurities in phosphogypsum. The results show that during automatic washing of phosphogypsum, losses are approximately 30–35 wt. %. It was also found that phosphogypsum by 22% consists of impurities of phosphoric and sulfuric acid. These acids are characteristic waste products of extraction phosphoric acid (EPA) production. By ASTM C471M-20ae1, the content of calcium sulfate dehydrate and hemihydrate before and after washing was determined. A thermodynamic calculation of the proposed interaction of phosphogypsum with carbonates showed that the characteristic reaction is possible. The conversion process of phosphogypsum to get the corresponding calcium carbonate was carried out at 70 °C. Data on the chemical composition of the reaction products, obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis on a Shimadzu EDX-7000 spectrometer, showed that some reactions proceed incompletely and need the selection of optimal conditions. The potential commercial benefits of processing phosphogypsum by carbonization were defined for products such as calcium carbonate or its derivatives.

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“…The latter approach offers an environmental approach for both CO 2 capture and PG recycling. 44,45 Merseburg process allows the consumption of PG as a gypsum source and capture of CO 2 as solid CaCO 3 . Also known as the mineral CO 2 sequestration method, it is possible to achieve a permanent CO 2 capture and manufacture environmentally friendly and stable solid carbonates, suitable for valorisation in various kinds of industries.…”

Section: Merseburg Process and The Value Of Phosphogypsummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Merseburg Process in Industrial Decarbonisation and Waste Evaluation

Avşar¹,

Tümük

Yüzbaşıoğlu³

et al. 2022

Kemija U Industriji

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Due to greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production, global warming and the resulting climate change pose significant threats to a liveable world. The emission of carbon dioxide, which is released as a result of industrial activities, is the most important component that triggers the global warming process. The use of waste material, which is the result of industrial activity, as raw material within the framework of circular economy is of vital importance in terms of the use of sustainable resources. The problem of phosphogypsum, which is released during the production of phosphoric acid, can be eliminated by the Merseburg process. With such waste minimisation, the destruction caused by emission gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will also be prevented. In this evaluation study, the use of carbon dioxide gas as a raw material is discussed, while reducing the emission values of industries such as cement and thermal power plants that cause large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions from phosphogypsum waste. Although an ammonium sulphate production is foreseen with the evaluation of carbon dioxide and phosphogypsum waste with the Merseburg process, the effect of the impurity content of the waste material used on the recommended ammonium sulphate concentration will be an important research topic. Various protocols are being worked on worldwide in order to minimise the emissions on international scale. The use of the Merseburg process for this and similar processes will provide significant advantages to the manufacturer in reaching the targeted emission amount.

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Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Synthesis: Effect of the Molar Ratio OH−/Ca2+ on the Conversion Process

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

Influence of Impurities on the Process of Obtaining Calcium Carbonate during the Processing of Phosphogypsum

The Role of the Merseburg Process in Industrial Decarbonisation and Waste Evaluation

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