Phosphite applications induce molecular modifications in potato tuber periderm and cortex that enhance resistance to pathogens

Abstract

Phosphite (Phi) compounds are salts derived from phosphorous acid. These compounds have the ability to protect plants against different pathogens. The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of Phi compounds on components of potato tuber periderm and cortex and to assess their effects on pathogen resistance in the postharvest stage. In a series of field experiments, potassium phosphite (KPhi) was applied to seed potato tubers and foliage. After harvest, several variables were analyzed in tubers obtained from these plants. An increase in pectin content was observed in both periderm and cortex tissue in tubers originating from KPhi-treated plants. After wounding and infection with Fusarium solani, a higher amount of pectin accumulation in cortical tissues was observed in tubers following treatment with KPhi. The content and/or activity of polygalacturonase and proteinase inhibitor also increased in tubers from KPhi-treated plants. A new isoform of chitinase was detected in the tuber periderm of treated plants.These results suggest that KPhi applied to seed tuber and foliage induces defense responses in tuber periderm and cortex and that these reactions are associated with structural and biochemical changes in these tissues.

Los fosfitos como alternativa para el manejo de problemas fitopatológicos

“…También Olivieri et al (2012) refirieron aumento en el contenido de pectina en el tejido de la peridermis y la corteza, en tubérculos procedentes de plantas de papa tratadas con fosfito de potasio, condición que mejora la resistencia a in the expression of the genes that encode protein synthesis and builds Phytophthora cinnamomi cells and cytoskeleton, which caused hyphae distortion and cell wall lysis.…”

“…Pilbeam et al (2011) described lignin and suberine deposition around tissue damaged by Phytophthora cinnamomi in eucalyptus plants treated with potassium phosphite, which limited the pathogen's development. Olivieri et al (2012) reported an increased pectin content in periderm and cortex tissue and tubers from potato plants treated with potassium phosphite, a feature that improves resistance to different pathogens. Jackson et al (2000) reported that the development of lesions caused by P. cinnamomi was highly restricted when they applied a high concentration of phosphite in Eucalyptus marginata tissue, and that the reduced number of lesions was associated with a significant increase of defense enzymes (4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase) and soluble phenols.…”

Sales minerales para el control de la cenicilla (Oidium sp.) en pepino

“…Pilbeam et al (2011), describieron deposición de lignina y suberina alrededor del tejido dañado por Phytophthora cinnamomi en plantas de eucalipto tratadas con fosfito de potasio, efecto que limitó el desarrollo del patógeno. También, Olivieri et al (2012), refirieron aumento en el contenido de pectina en el tejido de la peridermis y la corteza en tubérculos procedentes de plantas de papa tratadas con fosfito de potasio, condición que mejora la resistencia a diversos patógenos. Por su parte, Jackson et al (2000), reportaron que el desarrollo de lesiones por P. cinnamomi fue altamente restringido cuando la concentración de fosfito en el tejido de Eucalyptus marginata fue alta, y la disminución en el desarrollo de lesiones se asoció con un aumento significativo de las enzimas de defensa (4-coumarato coenzima A ligasa y deshidrogenasa de alcohol cinnamyl) y de fenoles solubles.…”

“…Pilbeam et al (2011), described suberin and lignin deposition around the damaged by Phytophthora cinnamomi in eucalyptus plants treated with potassium phosphite, limiting effect pathogen development tissue. Also, Olivieri et al (2012), reported increased content of pectin in the tissue of the periderm and cortex in tubers from potato plants treated with potassium phosphite, condition improves resistance to various pathogens. Meanwhile, Jackson et al (2000) reported that the development of lesions by P. cinnamomi was highly restricted when the concentration of phosphite in the tissue of Eucalyptus marginata was high, and the decrease in the development of lesions was associated with a significant increase in the defense enzymes (4-coenzyme A ligase and coumarato dehydrogenase cinnamyl alcohol) and soluble phenols.…”

Inductors of Resistance and Their Role in Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System Activity of Coffee Seedlings

“…Phosphites application in plants for induction of resistance is related to changes in pectin levels and in activity of enzymes related to the cell wall structure [16]; increases in activity of enzymes like phenylalanine ammonialyase that are involved in cellular defense and increases in synthesis of phenolic compounds [17]. There is also an increase in reactive species generation [8] and in the expression of genes related to the production the hormones ethylene, salycilic acid and jasmonic acid [18].…”