Phosphene thresholds evoked with single and double TMS pulses

Kammer, Thomas; Baumann, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.002

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the perception of phosphenes is somewhat subjective, in recent years several studies on the visual cortex in healthy subjects and in patients, have used the intensity threshold at which phosphenes are elicited as a specific index of visual cortex excitability (e.g. [3,13,22,27,31,51,52,56]). The exact generation of phosphene perception is still under discussion, results suggest that PTs are not functionally analogous to motor-evoked potentials following TMS over M1 but more to conscious perception of visual stimuli, nevertheless occurring within an earlier time window [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have employed this metric as method to evaluate cortical excitability in visual studies (e.g. [9,10,15,16,24,31,39]). PT measurements were made before and 1-2 days after the tDCS sessions in order to determine the excitability of the visual cortex using a MagPro-Stimulator (Medtronic Functional Diagnostics, Skovlunde, DK butterfly coil: MC-B70, biphasic pulse).…”

Section: Phosphene Threshold (Pt) Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: A proof-of-concept study

Wickmann

Stephani

Czesnik

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phosphene Threshold (Pt) Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: A proof-of-concept study

Wickmann

Stephani

Czesnik

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…The optimal site to elicit phosphenes was found positioning the coil 2 cm dorsal from the inion, with the handle pointing upwards, and moving it slightly to find the region where the brighter phosphenes could be elicited with an intensity of 80% MSO of a biphasic stimulator [45], [46], using a paired-pulses TMS paradigm (20 msec interstimulus interval) [47], [48], with 5 second-intervals between trials. The phosphenes threshold (PT) was calculated starting with an intensity of 80% MSO and decreasing by 5% until phosphenes were no longer perceived.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior Parietal Lobule Encodes Visual Temporal Resolution Processes Contributing to the Critical Flicker Frequency Threshold in Humans

et al. 2014

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The measurement of the Critical Flicker Frequency threshold is used to study the visual temporal resolution in healthy subjects and in pathological conditions. To better understand the role played by different cortical areas in the Critical Flicker Frequency threshold perception we used continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory plasticity-inducing protocol based on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The Critical Flicker Frequency threshold was measured in twelve healthy subjects before and after cTBS applied over different cortical areas in separate sessions. cTBS over the left inferior parietal lobule altered the Critical Flicker Frequency threshold, whereas cTBS over the left mediotemporal cortex, primary visual cortex and right inferior parietal lobule left the Critical Flicker Frequency threshold unchanged. No statistical difference was found when the red or blue lights were used. Our findings show that left inferior parietal lobule is causally involved in the conscious perception of Critical Flicker Frequency and that Critical Flicker Frequency threshold can be modulated by plasticity-inducing protocols.

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“…Presently, a peripheral "functional" marker (i.e., MEP) is present over the motor cortex, which can be used to directly measure the state of the cortex. In addition, other induced responses can also be recorded (e.g., the primary visual cortices can be localised for inducing the perception of contralateral visual phosphenes, and a visual phosphene induction threshold can be set) (Kammer & Baumann, 2010). The combination of TMS with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) might allow direct measurements of the state of all cortical areas.…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Tms For Diagnosis and Prognosis In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive rehabilitation

Miniussi

Rossini

2011

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can generate an increase or a decrease of neuronal excitability, which can modulate cognition and behaviour. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced cortical changes have been shown to result in neural plasticity. Thus, TMS provides an important opportunity to gain more insight into the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable flexibility of the central nervous system. The aim of this review was to cover the topics that could be useful when using TMS in the cognitive rehabilitation field after brain damage. The basic TMS principles are introduced, together with the clinical application for diagnosis and prognosis, the biological aspects, and the use in cognitive neuroscience studies. Finally, several hypotheses are discussed to explain the likely mechanisms induced by TMS that favour the recovery of a function after brain damage and cause the adult brain to undergo plasticity. The possibility of non-invasively interacting with the functioning of the brain and its plasticity mechanisms - a possibility that may eventually lead to cognitive and behavioural modifications - opens new and exciting scenarios in the cognitive neurorehabilitation field.

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Phosphene thresholds evoked with single and double TMS pulses

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: A proof-of-concept study

Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: A proof-of-concept study

Inferior Parietal Lobule Encodes Visual Temporal Resolution Processes Contributing to the Critical Flicker Frequency Threshold in Humans

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive rehabilitation

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