Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enhances epidermal penetration by Staphylococcus aureus

Nakamura, Yoshikazu; Kanemaru, Kaori; Shoji, Madoka; Totoki, Kengo; Nakamura, Karen; Nakaminami, Hidemasa; Nakase, Keisuke; Noguchi, Hiromitsu; Fukami, Kiyoko

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74692-8

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…This approach identified the 10 genes listed in Table 2 . These include two adhesins, sraP (which encodes the serine-rich adhesin for platelets) and ebh (which encodes an extracellular matrix binding protein) as well as the plc gene which enhances the invasion and persistence of S. aureus in keratinocytes 26 – 29 . The other genes are involved in metabolism, including three genes ( lacA , malG / malP and glpF / glpK) that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity

Fountain

Barbón

Gibbon

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Conservation of endangered species has become increasingly complex, and costly interventions to protect wildlife require a robust scientific evidence base. This includes consideration of the role of the microbiome in preserving animal health. Captivity introduces stressors not encountered in the wild including environmental factors and exposure to exotic species, humans and antimicrobial drugs. These stressors may perturb the microbiomes of wild animals, with negative consequences for their health and welfare and hence the success of the conservation project, and ultimately the risk of release of non-native organisms into native ecosystems. We compared the genomes of Staphylococcus aureus colonising critically endangered Livingstone’s fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii) which have been in a captive breeding programme for 25 years, with those from bats in the endemic founder population free ranging in the Comoros Republic. Using whole genome sequencing, we compared 47 isolates from captive bats with 37 isolates from those free ranging in the Comoros Republic. Our findings demonstrate unexpected resilience in the bacteria carried, with the captive bats largely retaining the same two distinctive lineages carried at the time of capture. In addition, we found evidence of genomic changes which suggest specific adaptations to the bat host.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity

Fountain

Barbón

Gibbon

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…While this report suggests that the pathogen can only penetrate skin with an already perturbed integrity, it also shows that S. aureus through PI-PLC is able to mediate barrier disruption by inducing the mis-localization of the tight junction protein Zonula occludens-1. 57 Similarly, a recent report demonstrated the ability of a second immunoglobulin binding (Sbi) protein from clinical isolates of S. aureus to drive AD pathogenesis through activation of the Th2 immune system. Secreted Sbi induces keratinocytes to generate the pro-inflammatory Th2 cytokines IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), independently of canonical TLR signalling.…”

Section: Microbiota and The Skin Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity

Chinnappan

Harris-Tryon

2021

Experimental Dermatology

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Skin is one of the largest organs of the body and protects the host from direct exposure to its environment. 1 Anatomically, the skin is composed of three major compartments: an outermost epidermis, an intermediate dermis and an innermost hypodermis. The skin protects the host from all depth of skin injury including puncture wounds. Thus, all depths of the skin are poised to respond to both external injury and infection. The epidermal layer of the skin consists of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), corneocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes are the most abundant cell type of the epidermis. They can detect pathogens and initiate an immune response by activating immune cells through the secretion of cytokines.Keratinocytes also differentiate into corneocytes that form a denucleated and somewhat inert outer layer, rich in keratin filaments and surrounded by intercellular lipids. Together these components separate the body from the external environment and prevent water and heat loss. 2 The epidermis also consists of invaginations into the dermis, comprising the stem cell niche, the hair follicle, and the sebaceous gland-collectively termed the pilosebaceous unit. LCs are also present in the epidermis. LCs are specialized dendritic cells that sample the external environment and serve as the chief antigen presenting cells in the skin. 3 Recent studies now show that keratinocytes can also sample the environment and act as antigen presenting cells. 4 Commensal microbes induce the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in keratinocytes

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Drug Permeability: From the Blood–Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers

Sun

Zabihi

et al. 2023

Advanced Therapeutics

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Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–spinal cord barrier to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNBs), formed by the perineurium and blood–nerve barrier to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular, and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system, it is hypothesized that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. Here, the molecular, structural, and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB are described, existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies are summarized and compared, and the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders is discussed.

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Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enhances epidermal penetration by Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity

Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity

Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity

Drug Permeability: From the Blood–Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers

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