Phosphatidylglycerol in rat lung. II. Comparison of occurrence, composition, and metabolism in surfactant and residual lung fractions

Sanders, Ronald L.; Longmore, William J.

doi:10.1021/bi00675a030

Cited by 107 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This close association provides further support for the conclusion that the sucrose density gradient isolation procedure, first reported by Frosolono et al (9) and then modified by others (14,15), yields a subcellular fraction enriched in functionally significant phospholipids. The precise quantitation available with the surfactant isolation technique offers major advantages over the morphologic and physiologic assessments of fetal rat lung maturation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…With the present shortened isolation method, the treatment of as little as 70 mg of tissue was possible at term gestation, when lungs are mature. The S and nonsurfactant (R) fractions of phospholipids were prepared by the method of Frosolono et al (9) as modified by Sanders and Longmore (14) and then simplified as described below after verifying that results were the same with small lung tissue samples with or without washing the crude ("I band") as well as the purified ("IB band") S fractions. In preliminary experiments, the addition of blood was tested to evaluate the possible contamination of the S fraction with blood phospholipids.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Surfactant Phospholipids in Fetal Rat Lungs from Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. The purposes of this study were to adapt and evaluate further a pulmonary surfactant isolation method applicable to unperfused fetal rat lung, to quantitate key phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (disaturated phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol) of the isolated material during the last 3 days of gestation, and to determine if abnormalities in surfactant phospholipids were present in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies. A simplified scheme of sucrose gradient centrifugation proved useful for small scale preparations of material enriched in the phospholipids most characteristic of pulmonary surfactant. It was shown that fetal blood phospholipids did not contaminate the surfactant fraction and therefore would not produce artifacts in assessment of lung maturational changes. Analyses of subcellular fractions isolated at 19.5, 20.5, and 21.5 days revealed that the percentages of disaturated phosphatidylcholine relative to total phospholipids were 23-44% in the surfactant preparations and 14-21% in the residual (nonsurfactant) fractions, while the disaturated phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine ratios were 0.62 f 0.06 and 0.41 i: 0.03, respectively. Summation of the amounts of individual phospholipids in the two fractions yielded data that were nearly identical to the concentrations of these compounds in whole fetal lung samples analyzed independently, implying that losses during the surfactant isolation technique were negligible. The concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, disaturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and total phospholipids increase markedly (more than 10-fold) and progressively in surfactant fractions prepared from normal fetal rat lung at 19.5, 20.5, and 21.5 days of gestation. In contrast, the residual fractions showed no changes from 19.5 to 20.5 days and then relatively modest increases from 20.5 to 21.5 days, except for phosphatidylglycerol, which increased markedly. The appearance of phosphatidylglycerol was first noted in the surfactant fraction at 20.5 days, but the level of this phospholipid did not show a marked increase until 21.5 days. These data are in agreement with previous morphologic and physiologic observations on fetal rat lung during late gestation and are also in keeping with clinical results from amniotic fluid analyses. Assessment of diabetic pregnancies revealed that at 20.5 days all phospholipids measured were significantly decreased in

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Surfactant Phospholipids in Fetal Rat Lungs from Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

et al. 1986

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“…It may have biophysical significance in stomata together with guard-cell wall thickening and membraneassociated cytoskeletal elements, providing a piezobiophysical buttress to prevent bursting under conditions of low turgor. The analogy should, however, not be taken too far since there is no evidence that guard cells are coated with a DPPC containing monolayer as occurs at the air:liquid interface of pulmonary tissue (Sanders & Longmore, 1975;Duck-Chong, 1978;Harwood, 1987). As here envisaged DPPC in guard cells is an integral plasma membrane-contained PL constituent providing mechanical support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A biophysical study of abscisic acid interaction with membrane phospholipid components

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYMolecular area/surface pressure Langmuir isotherms of amphiphilic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) has a marked rigidifying effect, expressed as reduction of molecular area and increase of monolayer collapse point. Moreover, ABA markedly increased aqueous droplet hydrophobicity, as indicated by a concentration-dependent increase of contact angle when placed on a hydrocarbon chain surface; no such effects were obtained on either amphiphilic or octadecyltrichlorosilane surfaces. A combination of TLC and mass spectometry revealed the presence of DPPC in Vicia faba and Commelina communis guard-cell protoplast membranes. ABA also increased plasma membrane rigidity as evidenced by probing with lipid specific membrane probes, namely diphenylhexatriene and its trimethyl derivative. Regarded together the results suggest a specific site of ABA binding to DPPC. The linkage between senescence and stomatal closure is discussed in the light of the new data presented here. It is suggested that DPPC in guard-cell membranes may have a physical role in preventing collapse and/or bursting. In this connection an analogy is drawn with pulmonary mechanisms.

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“…Recent evidence would suggest that a number opposite that of DPL. All phospholipids were used without further of phospholipids are important for lung stability (7,9,10,14,20). purification.…”

Section: Preparation Of Synthetic Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of Lung Pressure-Volume Characteristics with Various Phospholipids

1979

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SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of well-sonicated, 9:l mixtures of DPL with various other phospholipids (i.e.. he surfactant depleted adult rat lung model previously reported ~p p~, U-PI, u-ps, u-pG, u-Lecithin), DPL alone, URI DPL us was used determine the certain phospholipids analog alone, and natural surfactant in restoring the PV charac-(PL), either singly Or in combination, to restore the lung pressure-teristics of adult rat lungs from which surfactant was removed by volume (PV) characteristics to normal. Seventy-one adult rats saline were used for this study. Before depletion of surfactant, a PV curve was obtained and the mean percent total lung capacity (% MATERIALS AND METHODS TLC) at 5 cm HzO on the deflation limb was 53.8. Maximal removal of surfactant was done by repeated lung washings, and a Seventy-one adult rats weighing 300-450 g were used. After second PV curve was obtained (mean % TLC was 9.2). Various injecting 60 mg sodium barbital into the peritoneal cavity, each P L suspensions were prepared by sonication of dipalmitoyl lecithin rat was killed by transecting the abdominal aorta and allowing and another P L in saline at a molar ratio of 91. The final exsanguination to occur. The heart and lungs were then removed concentration was 5 mg DPL/ml. Each suspension was instilled carefully en bloc. directly into the trachea and the lung was ventilated for 5 min atThe same methods were used as in our previous study (12) to a rate of riO/min, a volume of 7 ml, PEEP of 5 cm HzO, and an obtain a PV curve except that the degassed lungs were placed in inspiration to total cycle ratio of 0.4. A third PV curve was then a saline water bath at 37OC. The lungs were inflated gradually done. For all PV curves, the percent of original TLC at 5 cm H 2 0 with air to 30 cm HzO and then deflated in a similar manner. The was calculated. The % TLC at 5 cm HzO after treatment with volume reached at 30 cm Hz0 was assumed to be the TLC. On phospholipid suspensions, showed: DPL/unsaturated phosphatidyl the deflation limb of each PV curve, the volume at a pressure of glycerol (u-PC), 37.2; DPL/unsaturated phosphatidyl inositol (u-5 cm Hz0 was expressed as a percent of TLC. PV measurements PI), 28.3; DPL, 25.8; DPL/unsaturated phosphatidyl serine (u-were made three times on each lung: initially; after removal of PS), 25.7; DPL/unsaturated lecithin (u-Lecithin), 24.1; DPL/di-surfactant; and after treatment with various synthetic surfactants. palmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG), 7.7; and an analog of As described previously (12), surfactant was removed by wash-DPL from the University of Rhode Island (URI analog), 20.1. ing the lung 20 times. A total volume of 200 ml saline was used to Although six of the seven suspensions possessed varying ability to insure maximal removal of surfactant. Lungs with volumes over restore the PV characteristics toward normal, none was as effec-13% of total lung capacity at 5 cm Hz0 on the deflation limb after tive as natural surfactant which gave a mean of 46.8.washing ...

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Phosphatidylglycerol in rat lung. II. Comparison of occurrence, composition, and metabolism in surfactant and residual lung fractions

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in Surfactant Phospholipids in Fetal Rat Lungs from Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

Changes in Surfactant Phospholipids in Fetal Rat Lungs from Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

A biophysical study of abscisic acid interaction with membrane phospholipid components

Restoration of Lung Pressure-Volume Characteristics with Various Phospholipids

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