Phosphatidylcholine from krill increases plasma choline and its metabolites in dogs

Burri, Lena; Heggen, Knut; Storsve, Andreas Berg

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2019.671-676

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Choline chloride is commonly used to provide choline in balanced dog foods, but it is known to affect the activity of other elements of the premix due to its hygroscopic properties (Moghimi and Roosta 2019). Substitution of choline for phospatydilcholine in dogs (originating from a crustacean) indicated that it is feasible to use this source to maintain physiological levels of choline and its metabolites in plasma (Burri et al 2019). Studies in lactating rats fed with phospatydilcholine have confirmed the previous statement through phospatydilcholine measurements in the plasma of suckling pups and immune response, due to its contribution to splenocytes (Lewis et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussion Experiments 1 -Palatability Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the inclusión of herbal phosphatidylcholine on palatability, digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diet in dogs

Martínez

López

Hernández-García

et al. 2021

Austral j. vet. sci.

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This study aimed to evaluate the palatability, nutrient digestibility, metabolisable energy (ME) and faecal characteristics of diets in dogs fed increasing levels of herbal phosphatidylcholine (herbal mix) versus an unsupplemented diet (with only 377 mg choline provided by 1 kg food) or choline chloride 1 (2000 mg choline/kg food) in 40 adult dogs. In experiment 1, a palatability test was conducted to make two pairwise comparisons: 0 versus 200; and 0 versus 400 mg/kg herbal mix. In experiment 2, a digestibility test was performed to evaluate herbal mix at 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg and 2000 mg choline provided by choline chloride. Results from experiment 1 indicated that the dogs preferred diets containing herbal mix to the unsupplemented diet (P<0.05). In experiment 2, nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics were not influenced by the treatment (P<0.059). The inclusion of 400 mg/kg of herbal mix increased the ME (quadratic effect, P<0.01). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the inclusion of a herbal mix rich in phosphatidylcholine (1.6%) and other methylated metabolites at 400 mg/kg can fully replace choline chloride in dog diets.

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Section: Discussion Experiments 1 -Palatability Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the inclusión of herbal phosphatidylcholine on palatability, digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diet in dogs

Martínez

López

Hernández-García

et al. 2021

Austral j. vet. sci.

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“…RBC and plasma were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 min at room temperature and kept on dry ice until stored at −80°C. The plasma was used for the analysis of choline and its metabolites and the results are described in a separate publication [ 24 ]. RBCs were analyzed as described previously at Omegametrix GmbH (Martinsried, Germany) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical omega-3 source is fish oil, where the omega-3 PUFAs are bound to triglycerides (TGs), but more recently also products from krill have been included in diets for pets [ 7 , 8 ]. Krill meal is made from Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) to provide a mix of proteins and fat, the latter being characterized by a high content of omega-3 PUFAs bound in PLs [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher omega-3 index after dietary inclusion of omega-3 phospholipids versus omega-3 triglycerides in Alaskan Huskies

2020

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Background and Aim: Numerous studies have found benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely, for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in dogs. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of dietary inclusion of equal amounts of omega-3 FAs in phospholipid (PL) from krill meal to triglyceride structure from fish oil to increase the omega-3 FA profile in red blood cells (RBCs) in dogs. Materials and Methods: Ten adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented with daily 1.7 g EPA and DHA from krill meal for 6 weeks, while another ten dogs received 1.7 g EPA and DHA from fish oil. FA and omega-3 index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3, and 6 weeks for comparison. Results: It was mainly the EPA levels that increased in the krill meal group (from 1.84% to 4.42%) compared to the fish oil group (from 1.90% to 2.46%) (p<0.001), which drove the group differences in the omega-3 index. This resulted in the krill meal group having a mean omega-3 index increase from 3.9 at baseline to 6.3%, which was significantly greater than the increase from 3.9% to 4.7% observed in the fish oil group (p<0.001). Concomitantly, omega-6 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, were reduced in RBC membranes and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was significantly more reduced in the krill meal compared to the fish oil group. Conclusion: The results showed that krill meal supplementation was associated with a reduction of omega-6 PUFAs, which compensated for the increased omega-3 index, suggesting that PLs are efficient delivery molecules of omega-3 PUFAs.

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“…The fasting plasmatic TMAO level of lactating seals was 45 ± 20 µmol/L, while peak levels upon feeding ranged in a specific individual from 83 to 1040 µmol/L, (mean 324 ± 110 µmol/L). A report shows that dogs fed with krill (Euphausia superba) have a marked increase in choline levels and in plasmatic TMAO (krill 32.4 ± 12.6 vs. control 4.4 ± 4.7 µmol/L, six-week treatment) [82].…”

Section: Tmao In Animal Body Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatically Produced Trimethylamine N-Oxide: Conserving It or Eliminating It

et al. 2019

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) is the product of the monooxygenation reaction catalyzed by a drug-metabolizing enzyme, human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3), and its animal orthologues. For several years, researchers have looked at TMAO and hFMO3 as two distinct molecules playing specific but separate roles, the former to defend saltwater animals from osmotic or hydrostatic stress and the latter to process xenobiotics in men. The presence of high levels of plasmatic TMAO in elasmobranchs and other animals was demonstrated a long time ago, whereas the actual physiological role of hFMO3 is still unknown because the enzyme has been mainly characterized for its ability to oxidize drugs. Recently TMAO was found to be related to several human health conditions such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. This correlation poses a striking question of how other vertebrates (and invertebrates) can survive in the presence of very high TMAO concentrations (micromolar in humans, millimolar in marine mammals and several hundred millimolar in elasmobranchs). Therefore, it is important to address how TMAO, its precursors, and FMO catalytic activity are interconnected.

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Phosphatidylcholine from krill increases plasma choline and its metabolites in dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of the inclusión of herbal phosphatidylcholine on palatability, digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diet in dogs

Effect of the inclusión of herbal phosphatidylcholine on palatability, digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diet in dogs

Higher omega-3 index after dietary inclusion of omega-3 phospholipids versus omega-3 triglycerides in Alaskan Huskies

Enzymatically Produced Trimethylamine N-Oxide: Conserving It or Eliminating It

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