Phosphate Supplementation: An Update

Fukuda, David H.; Smith, Abbie E.; Kendall, Kristina L.; Stout, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e3181eaade1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An alternative mechanism by which SP supplementation has been suggested to increase aerobic metabolism is via an enhancement of myocardial contractility (Buck et al, 2013;Fukuda et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise and 20 km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Brown

Glaister

2018

Journal of Dietary Supplements

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on physiological responses to submaximal exercise and 20 km cycling time-trial performance. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 20 endurance-trained male cyclists (age: 31 ± 6 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 76.3 ± 7.0 kg; maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O]: 57.9 ± 5.5 mL·kg·min) completed two supplementation trials separated by a 14-day washout period. The trials consisted of 10 minutes of cycling at 65% V̇O followed by a 20 km time trial. Expired air was monitored throughout each trial for the evaluation of V̇O, minute ventilation (V̇), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Heart rate was monitored during each trial along with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration. For four days before each trial, participants ingested 50 mg·kg fat-free mass·day of either SP or placebo. There were no effects (p ≥ .05) of supplementation on physiological responses during cycling at 65% V̇O. There were also no effects of supplementation on time-trial performance (placebo: 32.8 ± 2.2 min; SP: 32.8 ± 2.3 min). Nevertheless, relative to placebo, SP increased V̇ (mean difference: 3.81 L·min; 95% confidence interval: [0.16, 7.46 L·min]), RER (mean difference: 0.020; 95% confidence interval: [0.004, 0.036]), and RPE (mean difference: 0.39; 95% confidence interval: [0.04, 0.73]) during time trials, as well as post time-trial blood lactate concentration (mean difference: 1.06 mmol·L; 95% confidence interval: [0.31, 1.80 mmol·L]). In conclusion, SP supplementation has no significant effects on submaximal physiological responses or 20 km time-trial performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the above mechanisms, it has been hypothesised that SP supplementation may increase aerobic metabolism, and thus enhance endurance performance (Buck et al, 2013;Fukuda et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise and 20 km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Brown

Glaister

2018

Journal of Dietary Supplements

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“…Studies conducted under normoxic conditions have found that phosphate salt supplementation leads to a 3-12% increase in VO 2max and an improvement in aerobic exercise performance [20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, not all research supports these beneficial phosphate loading effects [26][27][28][29] and recommendations for the use of phosphates by athletes remain ambiguous [19,30,31]. Research into the effects of phosphate salts under hypoxic conditions is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Phosphate Loading on Aerobic Capacity under Acute Hypoxia in Cyclists: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on aerobic capacity in hypoxia. Twenty-four trained male cyclists received SP (50 mg·kg−1 of FFM/day) or placebo for six days in a randomized, crossover study, with a three-week washout period between supplementation phases. Before and after each supplementation phase, the subjects performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in hypoxia (FiO2 = 16%). Additionally, the levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), inorganic phosphate (Pi), calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and acid-base balance were determined. The results showed that phosphate loading significantly increased the Pi level by 9.0%, whereas 2,3-DPG levels, hemoglobin oxygen affinity, buffering capacity and myocardial efficiency remained unchanged. The aerobic capacity in hypoxia was not improved following SP. Additionally, our data revealed high inter-individual variability in response to SP. Therefore, the participants were grouped as Responders and Non-Responders. In the Responders, a significant increase in aerobic performance in the range of 3–5% was observed. In conclusion, SP supplementation is not an ergogenic aid for aerobic capacity in hypoxia. However, in certain individuals, some benefits can be expected, but mainly in athletes with less training-induced central and/or peripheral adaptation.

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Sodium Phosphate as an Ergogenic Aid

et al. 2013

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Legal nutritional ergogenic aids can offer athletes an additional avenue to enhance their performance beyond what they can achieve through training. Consequently, the investigation of new nutritional ergogenic aids is constantly being undertaken. One emerging nutritional supplement that has shown some positive benefits for sporting performance is sodium phosphate. For ergogenic purposes, sodium phosphate is supplemented orally in capsule form, at a dose of 3-5 g/day for a period of between 3 and 6 days. A number of exercise performance-enhancing alterations have been reported to occur with sodium phosphate supplementation, which include an increased aerobic capacity, increased peak power output, increased anaerobic threshold and improved myocardial and cardiovascular responses to exercise. A range of mechanisms have been posited to account for these ergogenic effects. These include enhancements in 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations, myocardial efficiency, buffering capacity and adenosine triphosphate/phosphocreatine synthesis. Whilst there is evidence to support the ergogenic benefits of sodium phosphate, many studies researching this substance differ in terms of the administered dose and dosing protocol, the washout period employed and the fitness level of the participants recruited. Additionally, the effect of gender has received very little attention in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically examine the use of sodium phosphate as an ergogenic aid, with a focus on identifying relevant further research.

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Phosphate Supplementation: An Update

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise and 20 km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise and 20 km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Effects of Short-Term Phosphate Loading on Aerobic Capacity under Acute Hypoxia in Cyclists: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

Sodium Phosphate as an Ergogenic Aid

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