Phosgene

Bast, Cheryl B; Glass, Dana F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374484-5.00023-7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phosgene is highly toxic, colorless, and odorless and was used as a chemical weapon. [ 64–66 ] The high toxicity of phosgene results from the action on the –OH, –NH 2 , and –SH groups of proteins in the alveoli, which form esters, amides and thioesters, respectively. Phosgene disrupts the blood‐air barrier, eventually leading to pulmonary edema.…”

Section: The Development Of Aiegens For Gas Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Gas Sensors

Yu,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Luminescent chromophores armed with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics can switch their fluorescence sensing by manipulating the aggregation and disaggregation states, leading to high sensitivity and high signal‐to‐noise ratio sensors. Accordingly, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been widely applied to various biosensing, one of which is the gas sensors. Due to the weak signal, easy diffusion, difficult capture, and instability of gas molecules, electrochemical or infrared tests are generally used for detection. However, electrochemical tests have high power consumption, and the environment easily disturbs infrared tests. Fortunately, photochemical sensors utilizing AIE properties can effectively overcome these deficiencies. AIEgens usually exhibit large Stokes shift, good photostability, and low random blinking, suggesting excellent sensing reproducibility and many achievements have been obtained in AIEgens‐based gas sensors. This review summarizes the gas detection mechanism of AIEgens, and enumerate the reported gas sensors based on AIEgens. Then a perspective on the field and challenges facing it are elaborated so that researchers can better understand the development status of this field and develop more AIE‐type spectroscopic probes with gas‐responsive functions. It is expected to greatly enrich the types of gas sensors and promote the development of the application of AIE properties.

show abstract

Section: The Development Of Aiegens For Gas Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Gas Sensors

Yu,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mechanisms of toxicity, experimental data, and species susceptibility for the scenario-specific CWAs and TICs have been thoroughly evaluated elsewhere and in numerous publications. Examples include Sidell (1997) , NRC/COT (1999 , 2002 , 2003) , Papirmeister et al (1991) , IOM (1993) , Munro et al (1994) , Bast and Glass (2009) , Young and Bast (2009) , Benton et al (2006a,b ), Dabisch et al (2008a,b ), Watson and Griffin (1992) and Watson et al (2006a ,b). Details are available in these reviews and the many original studies cited therein.…”

Section: Cwa Tic and Degradation Product Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following Chemical Terrorist Attack: Introduction and Key Assessment Considerations

Watson

Hall

Raber

et al. 2011

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the event of a chemical terrorist attack on a transportation hub, post-event remediation and restoration activities necessary to attain unrestricted facility reuse and re-entry could require hours to multiple days. While restoration timeframes are dependent on numerous variables, a primary controlling factor is the level of pre-planning and decision-making completed prior to chemical terrorist release. What follows is the first of a two-part analysis identifying key considerations, critical information, and decision criteria to facilitate post-attack and post-decontamination consequence management activities. A conceptual site model and human health-based exposure guidelines are developed and reported as an aid to site-specific pre-planning in the current absence of U.S. state or Federal values designated as compound-specific remediation or re-entry concentrations, and to safely expedite facility recovery to full operational status. Chemicals of concern include chemical warfare nerve and vesicant agents and the toxic industrial compounds phosgene, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen chloride. This work has been performed as a national case study conducted in partnership with the Los Angeles International Airport and The Bradley International Terminal. All recommended guidelines have been selected for consistency with airport scenario release parameters of a one-time, short-duration, finite airborne release from a single source followed by compound-specific decontamination.

show abstract

“…Comparable detailed guideline explanations are not provided for the remaining CWAs and TICs, given that this material has already been widely published and is incorporated by reference in this analysis (e.g. , NRC/COT 2002, 2003 ; Watson et al 2006a,b ; Bast and Glass 2009 ; Young and Bast 2009 ; others).…”

Section: Inhalation/ocular Exposure Goals Suitable For General Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following a Chemical Terrorist Attack: Decision Criteria for Multipathway Exposure Routes

Watson

Dolislager

Hall

et al. 2011

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the event of a chemical terrorist attack on a transportation hub, post-event remediation and restoration activities necessary to attain unrestricted facility re-use and re-entry could require hours to multiple days. While timeframes are dependent on numerous variables, a primary controlling factor is the level of pre-planning and decision-making completed prior to chemical release. What follows is the second of a two-part analysis identifying key considerations, critical information and decision criteria to facilitate post-attack and post-decontamination consequence management activities. Decision criteria analysis presented here provides first-time, open-literature documentation of multi-pathway, health-based remediation exposure guidelines for selected toxic industrial compounds, chemical warfare agents, and agent degradation products for pre-planning application in anticipation of a chemical terrorist attack. Guideline values are provided for inhalation and direct ocular vapor exposure routes as well as percutaneous vapor, surface contact, and ingestion. Target populations include various employees as well as transit passengers. This work has been performed as a national case study conducted in partnership with the Los Angeles International Airport and The Bradley International Terminal. All recommended guidelines have been selected for consistency with airport scenario release parameters of a one-time, short-duration, finite airborne release from a single source followed by compound-specific decontamination.

show abstract

Phosgene

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Gas Sensors

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Gas Sensors

Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following Chemical Terrorist Attack: Introduction and Key Assessment Considerations

Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following a Chemical Terrorist Attack: Decision Criteria for Multipathway Exposure Routes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About