Phosgenations ‐ A Handbook

Cyclization reaction of amines with dialkyl carbonates to yield 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones

“…ther our understanding of the reaction pathway. Additionally, comparisons of this pathway to those already known [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] through green chemistry metrics are also in progress.…”

“…Industrial routes to carbamates and cyclic carbamates rely upon phosgene chemistry [16], which is not desirable owing to its toxicity and environmental impact [17]. A number of routes have been found to five-and six-membered carbamates although they mostly employ isocyanates [12] halides [6,7,18], or require allylic amines [19] and allylic carbamates as starting material [13].…”

Synergy Effects in the Chemical Synthesis and Extensions of Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs)—The Low Energy Way to Ultra-Short Syntheses of Tailor-Made Molecules

“…The 13 C-NMR spectrum confirmed this structure with two signals. 3 could replace all actual reactions of phosgene [27][28][29], was therefore named as triphosgene and was significantly safer as a crystalline solid than the gaseous phosgene 4 as can be seen in Table 3. Table 3.…”

“…Table 3. Physical, chemical, thermochemical, and toxicity data of phosgen and triphosgen [28,29]. These results encouraged me to sell triphosgene as a commercial phosgene substitute via my newly founded company Dr. Eckert GmbH and the chemicals trade reacted very rapidly, increasingly taking over distribution.…”

“…Syntheses of Lysin-derivatives 20 und 21 succeed in the same manner. 19 reacts in an additions/Passerini reaction P-5F4CR and delivers the additions/Passerini product 22 with a 92% yield [39,170]. The increase of density of functions is accompanied by a grave decrease of synthesis steps compared with a sequential synthesis.…”