Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophildae) from the Oriental Region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species

Abstract

A new species complex, the eparmata complex, is established within the subgenus Phortica s. str., based on eight known and five new species, all of which are endemic to the Oriental Region: P. bipartita (Toda & Peng, 1992), P. eparmata (Okada, 1977), P. lanuginosa Chen & Toda, 2007, P. latipenis Chen & Gao, 2005, P. pangi Chen & Wen, 2005, P. setitabula Chen & Gao, 2005, P. unipetala Chen & Wen, 2005 and P. zeta Chen & Toda, 2007; P. jadete sp. nov., P. kava sp. nov., P. mengda sp. nov., P. wongding sp. nov. and P. yena sp. nov. A key to all species of this complex is provided. Barcoding sequences (mitochondrial COI gene) were obtained for 22 specimens of five known and the five above-mentioned new species. The intra- and inter-specific pairwise K-2P (Kimura’s two-parameter) distances of COI were determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian inference based on COI sequences, confirming the monophyletic status of the eparmata complex, which is distinct from the species complexes of magna, omega, variegata and another two ungrouped species

Occurrence of Thelazia callipaeda and its vector Phortica variegata in Austria and South Tyrol, Italy, and a global comparison by phylogenetic network analysis

“…The COI barcoding sequence that differed from the sequence of P. variegata was more closely related to those of P. chi and P. okadai , which have not yet been reported from Europe. These latter two species are not monophyletic or clearly separated from their closely related morphospecies or cryptic species, and therefore delineating them through use of the COI gene is limited [ 54 , 55 ]. Phortica chi and P. okadai have only been reported from Asia, but P. semivirgo , another species of the P. variegata complex, has been found in Europe [ 29 , 56 , 57 ].…”