Phonosurgery Training in Human Larynx Preserved with Thiel’s Embalming Method

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> To describe the suitability of larynges preserved with Thiel’s embalming method for phonosurgery training. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A training model for phonosurgery techniques simulating vocal pathology and glottal insufficiency is developed to compare and evaluate the perception of embalmed vocal cords through a voluntary and anonymous survey rated on a scale of 1–5. A total of 10 residents and young otolaryngologists participated in the surgical training in phonosurgery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ten larynges preserved in formalin and 10 Thiel’s embalmed larynges were used for the investigation. Phonosurgery procedures were performed following microflap and injection laryngoplasty techniques. The larynges preserved with Thiel’s method demonstrated vocal cords that maintain their pliability and good tissue quality allowing a sensation of realism compared to the living body and providing suitable conditions for realistic laryngeal training. Participants held a positive experience, believed them to be useful and that these models of embalmed larynges were similar to the clinical setting and improved skills and confidence in performing phonosurgery. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The human larynges embalmed with Thiel’s method maintain the pliability of the vocal cords, thus representing a unique model to practice and reproduce training for endolaryngeal procedures without the risks of contamination, anatomical variation, or rigidity of other models.

Validation of a 3D‐Printed Percutaneous Injection Laryngoplasty Simulator: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Several PIL simulators have been created with varying levels of anatomic fidelity and accessibility, including models made from low-cost materials (e.g., toilet paper rolls) and animal cadaveric models. [7][8][9][10][11] 11 However, there have been no validation studies for existing PIL simulators demonstrating their utility in improving procedural skills, beyond measures of trainees' subjective comfort and confidence. Without such validation study, the performance of the simulator is impossible to gauge and their inclusion in surgical curricula is of questionable value.…”

“…Simulators may be a helpful adjunct in PIL training, as they provide a controlled, low‐stakes environment with which to practice and ask questions. Several PIL simulators have been created with varying levels of anatomic fidelity and accessibility, including models made from low‐cost materials (e.g., toilet paper rolls) and animal cadaveric models 7–11 . However, there have been no validation studies for existing PIL simulators demonstrating their utility in improving procedural skills, beyond measures of trainees' subjective comfort and confidence.…”