Phonophoresis in Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Barua, Sunam Kumar; Chowdhury, Md. Zahangir Alam

doi:10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19423

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Medical thermotherapy pads (TTPs) are widely used to improve blood circulation, prevent inflammation, and alleviate pains in human bodies, which is one of the classic physiotherapies applied in orthopedics. − In clinical applications, medical TTPs have been used to treat rheumatic arthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, cervical spondylosis, and traumatic injuries . Conventional commercial TTPs are composed of a heating component and a far-infrared paste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible Transparent Film Heater Made of Ag Nanowire/PVA Composite for Rapid-Response Thermotherapy Pads

Lan

Chen²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

182

129

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Ultraflexible transparent film heaters have been fabricated by embedding conductive silver (Ag) nanowires into a thin poly(vinyl alcohol) film (AgNW/PVA). A cold-pressing method was used to rationally adjust the sheet resistance of the composite films and thus the heating powers of the AgNW/PVA film heaters at certain biases. The film heaters have a favorable optical transmittance (93.1% at 26 Ω/sq) and an outstanding mechanical flexibility (no visible change in sheet resistance after 10 000 bending cycles and at a radius of curvature ≤1 mm). The film heaters have an environmental endurance, and there is no significant performance degradation after being kept at high temperature (80 °C) and high humidity (45 °C, 80% humidity) for half a year. The efficient Joule heating can increase the temperature of the film heaters (20 Ω/sq) to 74 °C in ∼20 s at a bias of 5 V. The fast-heating characteristics at low voltages (a few volts) associated with its transparent and flexibility properties make the poly(dimethylsiloxane)/AgNW/PVA composite film a potential candidate in medical thermotherapy pads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible Transparent Film Heater Made of Ag Nanowire/PVA Composite for Rapid-Response Thermotherapy Pads

Lan

Chen²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

182

129

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“…21 The results of these stretching tests indicate that thin-PEDOT films are suitable for electronic skin applications, such as heat patches, which are used in physiotherapy, 32 to reduce pain, 33,34 improve blood circulation, 35 and accelerate healing. 36 As mentioned above, based on the level of stretching of the knee skin, the films must be able to sustain around 30% strain. 25,28 A 8 × 5 cm 2 thermotherapy patch was produced using thin-PEDOT:OTf on SEBS, with an average sheet resistance of 150 Ω•sq −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Intrinsically Flexible and Stretchable PEDOT Polymers for Thermotherapy

Schultheiss

Revaux

Carella

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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For wearable applications such as electronic skin and biosensors, stretchable conductors are required (∼30% strain to follow the skin extension). Owing to its high conductivity, good flexibility, low cost, and ease of processing, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) appears as a promising candidate. However, destructive cracks come out above 10% strain in the case of PEDOT:PSS, the most common form of PEDOT. Different strategies have already been investigated to solve this problem, including the design of specific structures or the addition of plasticizers. This article presents a different approach to obtain highly conductive and stretchable PEDOT materials based on doping with small counteranions. We indeed demonstrate the intrinsic stretchability (up to 30% strain) of thin films (35 nm) of PEDOT-based materials with small counterions. Both thin-PEDOT:OTf (triflate counter-ion) and thin-PEDOT:Sulf (sulfate counter-ion) films remain structurally resilient up to 25–30% strain, and their electrical conductivity remains remarkably stable over more than 100 cycles. Under limited strain (<30%), polarized UV–vis–NIR measurements (parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction) show that the conductivity of the material is improved by chain alignment in the stretching direction. As a proof of concept, a thermotherapy patch is presented. It shows a fine temperature control (stability around 40 °C at 9 V bias) and a uniform heating across the surface.

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“…Heating also prevents chronic inflammation by expelling inflammatory exudates. [ 252 ] Moreover, heating pads can be useful in physiotherapy to help tendons, ligaments, and muscles gain flexibility. [ 253 ] The two currently available technical solutions for thermotherapy are heat packs and wraps.…”

Section: Integration Of Transparent Heaters In Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Papanastasiou

Schultheiss

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

184

191

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Transparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.

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Phonophoresis in Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Ultraflexible Transparent Film Heater Made of Ag Nanowire/PVA Composite for Rapid-Response Thermotherapy Pads

Ultraflexible Transparent Film Heater Made of Ag Nanowire/PVA Composite for Rapid-Response Thermotherapy Pads

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Intrinsically Flexible and Stretchable PEDOT Polymers for Thermotherapy

Transparent Heaters: A Review

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