The polar optical phonon states of four types of phonon modes including the interface optical (IO) modes, the propagating (PR) modes, the quasi-confined (QC) phonon modes in well-layer material (QC w ), and the QC phonon modes in barrier-layer material (QC B ) in a wurtzite GaN/Al x Ga 1-x N superlattice (SLs) are investigated within the dielectric continuum model framework. The analytical phonon states of the four types of modes and their dispersive equations in the wurtzite GaN/Al x Ga 1-x N SL structures are obtained. Numerical calculations on the dispersive spectra of phonon modes and the quantum size effect are performed for a wurtzite GaN/Al 0.15 Ga 0.85 N SL. Results reveal that dispersive curves of phonon modes in SLs form a series of frequency bands. The behaviors of QC w modes reducing to PR and IO modes are observed clearly. With the increase of well-layer GaN width d 1 of the SLs, the dispersion of the QC B modes become weaker and weaker, and their frequency bands become narrower and narrower. But the PR, IO, and the QC w phonon modes become more dispersive, and the frequency bands of these modes become wider and wider as d 1 increases. The present theoretical scheme and numerical results are quite useful for analyzing the dispersive spectra of full phonon modes and their polaronic effect in wurtzite GaN/AlGaN SL structures.