Phonon-Induced Spin-Spin Interactions in Diamond Nanostructures: Application to Spin Squeezing

Bennett, Steven; Yao, Norman Y.; Otterbach, Johannes; Zoller, P.; Rabl, Peter; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.156402

Cited by 276 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] However, it was incompletely specified, and as a consequence, remains largely uncharacterized (see supplementary information for discussion).…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical Sensing Using Spins in Diamond

et al. 2017

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KEYWORDSNitrogen-vacancy center, diamond, spin-mechanical interaction, nanomechancial sensing, NEMS 2 ABSTRACT Nanomechanical sensors and quantum nanosensors are two rapidly developing technologies that have diverse interdisciplinary applications in biological and chemical analysis and microscopy.For example, nanomechanical sensors based upon nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have demonstrated chip-scale mass spectrometry capable of detecting single macromolecules, such as proteins. Quantum nanosensors based upon electron spins of negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have demonstrated diverse modes of nanometrology, including single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we report the first step towards combining these two complementary technologies in the form of diamond nanomechanical structures containing NV centers. We establish the principles for nanomechanical sensing using such nano-spinmechanical sensors (NSMS) and assess their potential for mass spectrometry and force microscopy. We predict that NSMS are able to provide unprecedented AC force images of cellular biomechanics and to, not only detect the mass of a single macromolecule, but also image its distribution. When combined with the other nanometrology modes of the NV center, NSMS potentially offer unparalleled analytical power at the nanoscale. TEXTNanomechanical sensors based upon nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are a burgeoning nanotechnology with diverse microscopy and analytical applications in biology and chemistry. Two applications with particular promise are force microscopy in geometries that transcend the constraints of conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1-3 and on-chip mass spectrometry with single molecule sensitivity. [4][5][6] Another burgeoning nanotechnology is quantum nanosensors based upon the electron spin of the NV center in diamond. The NV center has been 3 used to locate single elementary charges, 7 to perform thermometry within living cells 8 and to realize nanoscale MRI in ambient conditions. 9-11 However, there is yet to be a nanosensing application of the NV center that exploits its susceptibility to local mechanical stress/ strain.Here, we propose that the mechanical susceptibility of the NV center's electron spin can be exploited together with the extreme mechanical properties of diamond nanomechanical structures to realize nano-spin-mechanical sensors (NSMS) that outperform the best available technology. Such NSMS will be capable of both high-sensitivity nanomechanical sensing and the quantum nanosensing of electric fields, magnetic fields and temperature. NSMS will thereby constitute the unification of two burgeoning nanotechnologies and have the potential to perform such unparalleled analytical feats as mass-spectrometry and MRI of single molecules. As the first step towards realizing NSMS, we report the complete characterization of the spin-mechanical interaction of the NV center. We use this to establish the design and operating principles of diamond NSMS and to perfor...

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] However, it was incompletely specified, and as a consequence, remains largely uncharacterized (see supplementary information for discussion).…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical Sensing Using Spins in Diamond

et al. 2017

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“…Vice versa the fast optimal driving turns out to be robust even at large sizes and relatively high intensities of the noise, resulting in a final squeezing almost equivalent to that obtained via the adiabatic process in the absence of noise (full red triangles). Effect of quantum noise -Recently, techniques in evolving interactions of spin ensenbles with nanomechanical resonators have investigated the possible implementation of the one-axis twisting protocol, showing comparable results to ours in a similar range of the collective cooperativity [29]. Finally we discuss a noise model suitable for the description of QED experiments [6], in which the effect of the noise is treated through the formalism of the master equation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Noise-resistant optimal spin squeezing via quantum control

et al. 2016

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Entangled atomic states, such as spin squeezed states, represent a promising resource for a new generation of quantum sensors and atomic clocks. We demonstrate that optimal control techniques can be used to substantially enhance the degree of spin squeezing in strongly interacting many-body systems, even in the presence of noise and imperfections. Specifically, we present a protocol that is robust to noise which outperforms conventional methods. Potential experimental implementations are discussed.PACS numbers: 42.50. Dv, 02.30.Yy, 32.80.Qk Spin squeezed states are among the most interesting examples of entangled states. In quantum metrology they allow for measurements with an improved precision, ultimately limited only by the Heisenberg limit. Since the early theoretical proposals to realize them with non linear interactions [2,3], spin squeezed states have been implemented in several experiments. Specific examples include generation of spin squeezed states in cavity QED [4][5][6], in trapped ions through shared motional modes [7,8] or using a Bose-Einstein condensate [9,10].In this Letter we demonstrate that optimal control can be effectively employed to produce highly squeezed spin states in many-body quantum systems, drastically reducing the impact of relaxation and decoherence. Other approaches applied control techniques creating spin squeezing as a succession of unitary pulses of a constant Hamiltonian [11][12][13]. We employ the Chopped Random Basis (CRAB) technique [14,15] to optimally control the evolution of a collection of N two-level systems mutually coupled through a time-dependent non linear (i.e. quadratic) interaction. linear (i.e. quadratic) interaction. We calculate optimized evolutions occurring on time scales several orders of magnitude shorter than the corresponding adiabatic evolutions, with a speed-up increasing with the system size. Such a speed-up translates directly into an enhanced robustness of the squeezing in the presence of noise, as schematically depicted in Fig. 1. We illustrate this enhanced robustness by modelling two practical experimental implementations of squeezed state preparations: cavity QED and trapped ions [6,8].We will focus on two methods realizing spin squeezed states, both with advantages in different situations. The first is based on the so called one-axis twisting protocol, consisting in letting a collection of two-level systems evolve under the effect of a collective non linear interaction [3], described by a Hamiltonian of the formWhere ω is the precession frequency and χ is the strength of the nonlinear interaction and J is a collective spin operator (defined below). The relative simplicity of the one-axis twisting scheme has been at the basis of its ubiquitous presence in squeezing experiments; however such a scheme is known to be non optimal [3], the spherical nature of the angular momentum phase space limiting the maximal squeezing achievable. Such a bound is intrinsic for the one-axis twisting protocol with fixed χ. It nevertheless allows to achieve spi...

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“…Besides its application in signal transduction and precision measurement, the proposed hybrid system can be exploited to couple the NV-center spin to mechanical oscillations, and significantly enhance the coherent coupling between these two degrees of freedom. This would allow fast mechanical control of spin qubits, large phonon induced spin-spin interaction, and efficient phonon cooling by an NV center [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It may also find applications in spin and mechanical oscillator hybrid systems. A hybrid diamondpiezomagnetic (film) mechanical nanoresonator can significantly enhance the coupling between its vibrational mode and NV electronic spins in diamond [23,24], and thereby boost the phonon-mediated effective spin-spin interactions. This would facilitate the spin squeezing at room temperature, which can be used a resource for magnetometry and phonon-mediated quantum information processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers

Cai¹,

Jelezko²,

Plenio³

2014

Nat Commun

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The ability to measure weak signals such as pressure, force, electric field, and temperature with nanoscale devices and high spatial resolution offers a wide range of applications in fundamental and applied sciences. Here we present a proposal for a hybrid device composed of thin film layers of diamond with color centers implanted and piezo-active elements for the transduction and measurement of a wide variety of physical signals. The magnetic response of a piezomagnetic layer to an external stress or a stress induced by the change of electric field and temperature is shown to affect significantly the spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Under ambient conditions, realistic environmental noise and material imperfections, our detailed numerical studies show that this hybrid device can achieve significant improvements in sensitivity over the pure diamond based approach in combination with nanometer scale spatial resolution. Beyond its applications in quantum sensing the proposed hybrid architecture offers novel possibilities for engineering strong coherent couplings between nanomechanical oscillator and solid state spin qubits.Introduction.-The sensitive measurement of signals, such as force, pressure, electric field, temperature, with high spatial resolution possesses a wide range of applications in physics, engineering and the life sciences. Conventional methods, e.g. for pressure detection can usually operate at length scales down to the micron scale. Going beyond this regime whilst retaining highest sensitivity represents a significant challenge.

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Phonon-Induced Spin-Spin Interactions in Diamond Nanostructures: Application to Spin Squeezing

Cited by 276 publications

References 47 publications

Nanomechanical Sensing Using Spins in Diamond

Nanomechanical Sensing Using Spins in Diamond

Noise-resistant optimal spin squeezing via quantum control

Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers

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