Empirical potential functions comprising two-body and three-body terms have been derived for the alkali metals by fitting parameters to the phonon frequencies, elastic constants, lattice energies and lattice distances of the body-centred-cubic (b.c.c.) solids. These potentials give, in all cases, very similar energies for the b.c.c., face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) and hexagonal closest packing (h.c.p.) structures, with simple cubic (s.c.), diamond and various two-dimensional structures being much less stable. The lithium potential has been used to predict structures and stabilities of neutral Lin microclusters. No 'magic number' stabilities have been found. For n > 6 the structures can, in the main, be described as face-fused tetrahedra, and ab initio calculations support these structures in some important cases (e.g. n = 6, 7).