The geometry relating to the tangent plane at a stationary point on a surface has been used to re-examine various criteria for the existence of parabolic points (inflexions in 2D-sections) on the outermost sheet of the slowness surface for elastic waves in anisotropic media.Previous results obtained by the authors, exact [4,5], and approximate [6], are related in detail. Further approximations, based on geometrical properties, are derived; one of these proves equivalent to a sufficient condition first applied by McCurdy [8].Numerical investigation shows that, over a wide range of anisotropy, the simply applied approximate criterion of [6] is sufficient and within the accuracy of observation of the elastic stiffnesses. §1. IntroductionIn the study of elastic waves in anisotropic media, the geometry of the slowness surface has proved fundamental [1,2].When a spatial pattern of phase is defined on a plane boundary (for example, by the incidence of a plane wave), the waves consistent with this pattern are determined by the intersections, real or imaginary, of a straight line with the sagittal section of the slowness surface. (Note. The sagittal plane contains the normal to the boundary and the slowness determining the phase pattern upon it. The definition thus includes both the concept of the plane of incidence for reflexion-refraction problems and that of the reference plane [3] as used in discussions of surface and interface waves). Clearly, the presence or absence of non-convex regions on the outer slowness sheets occasions significant differences in the possible configurations of intersection. Thus, within the bounds of anisotropy consistent with positive definite strain energy, a variety of possible sets of waves compatible with the given phase pattern occurs.The particular case of elastic waves with normals contained in planes of 2 or m material symmetry has been the subject of considerable study, owing to its relative tractability. It is well known [2] that the equation of the section of the slowness surface by such planes factorises to a quadratic (an ellipse) and a quartic representing a curve of two sheets which, in the case of known physical materials, are non-intersecting.Criteria for the existence of inflexions about symmetry axes in the outer quartic sheet were first given by Musgrave [4] in the form of simple inequalities involving elastic stiffnesses. More recently, Payton [5] presented the theory for inflexions occur-269