Phoneutria nigriventer venom: A pharmacological treasure

Peigneur, Steve; Lima, Maria Elena de; Tytgat, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.008

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Although both toxins were insecticidal to the larval and adult forms of the housefly [ 13 ], PnTx2-5 and PnTx2-6 have never been evaluated for their insecticidal activity towards insect Na V channels. In fact, it was always believed that Phoneutria nigriventer venom fraction 4 (PhTx4) was the venom fraction with the highest and most specific insecticidal activity [ 6 , 32 ]. However, here we show that peptides of PhTx2 fraction have a similar insecticidal potential, at least regarding Na V channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this diversity, no more than 100 spider species have had their venom investigated [ 2 ]. With over ten million estimated biologically active peptides in spider venoms [ 3 ], this means that less than 0.01% of spider peptides have been studied [ 3 , 4 ], making spider venom an untapped treasure of biologically active compounds with promising discoveries in drug and bioinsecticide development [ 1 , 5 , 6 ]. Phoneutria nigriventer are very aggressive, solitary spiders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are active hunters, relying on their fast-acting and efficient venom for prey capture and defense. They prey normally on insects, although there are reports of Phoneutria hunting on other spiders and small rodents as well [ 6 , 7 ]. Human envenomation by Phoneutria nigriventer is common in Brazil, with 0.5–1% resulting in severe envenomation, with most of these occurring in children [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cysteine-rich peptide toxins with action on ion channels are the most abundant components in its venom [ 9 ]. A recent review describes the complexity of this venom [ 6 ]. Historically, the Phoneutria toxins are annotated based on their occurrence in the venom when following the venom purification methods used in the first studies [ 10 ], that is, based on a particular chromatographic step and in the order of elution of the toxin, in this step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Toxin PnTx2-1 (δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a) Is a Modulator of Sodium Channel Gating

Peigneur

Paiva

Cordeiro

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Spider venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active components with potentially interesting applications for drug discovery or for agricultural purposes. The spider Phoneutria nigriventer is responsible for a number of envenomations with sometimes severe clinical manifestations in humans. A more efficient treatment requires a comprehensive knowledge of the venom composition and of the action mechanism of the constituting components. PnTx2-1 (also called δ-ctenitoxin-Pn1a) is a 53-amino-acid-residue peptide isolated from the venom fraction PhTx2. Although PnTx2-1 is classified as a neurotoxin, its molecular target has remained unknown. This study describes the electrophysiological characterization of PnTx2-1 as a modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels. PnTx2-1 is investigated for its activity on seven mammalian NaV-channel isoforms, one insect NaV channel and one arachnid NaV channel. Furthermore, comparison of the activity of both PnTx2-1 and PnTx2-6 on NaV1.5 channels reveals that this family of Phoneutria toxins modulates the cardiac NaV channel in a bifunctional manner, resulting in an alteration of the inactivation process and a reduction of the sodium peak current.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Toxin PnTx2-1 (δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a) Is a Modulator of Sodium Channel Gating

Peigneur

Paiva

Cordeiro

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…Potential applications of spider venom peptides for therapeutic or bioinsecticide applications are reviewed by Saez & Herzig (2018), whereas Guo et al examined the oral insecticidal activity of arachnid venoms and peptide toxins in two dipteran toxicity assays (Guo et al, 2018). In addition, Jerusalem & Lleti (2018) report on a rare case of loxoscelism in Europe and another two contributions focus on the infamous Brazilian wandering spider Phoneutria nigriventer: Peigneur et al reviewed the diversity of toxins isolated from this species (Peigneur et al, 2018), whereas da Silva et al studied the effects of the toxin PnTx2-6 on neurotransmitter release and on its effects on proteins of the blood brain barrier (da Silva et al, 2018). Besides the review on the medically significant scorpions (Ward et al, 2018b), scorpion venom research is represented by two contributions from Lourival Possani's group and a research article from Darin Rokyta's group.…”

Section: Content Of This Special Toxicon Issue On Arthropod Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod assassins: Crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias

Herzig

2019

Toxicon

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The millions of extant arthropod species are testament to their evolutionary success that can at least partially be attributed to venom usage, which evolved independently in at least arthropod lineages. While some arthropods primarily use venom for predation (e.g., spiders and centipedes) or defense (e.g., bees and caterpillars), it can also have more specialised functions (e.g. in parasitoid wasps to paralyse arthropods for their brood to feed on) or even a combination of functions (e.g. the scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus can deliver a prevenom for predator deterrence and a venom for predation). Most arthropod venoms are complex cocktails of water, salts, small bioactive molecules, peptides, enzymes and larger proteins, with peptides usually comprising the majority of toxins. Some spider venoms have been reported to contain > 1,000 peptide toxins, which function as combinatorial libraries to provide an evolutionary advantage. The astounding diversity of venomous arthropods multiplied by their enormous toxin arsenals results in an almost infinite resource for novel bioactive molecules. The main challenge for exploiting this resource is the small size of most arthropods, which can be a limitation for current venom extraction techniques. Fortunately, recent decades have seen an incredible improvement in transcriptomic and proteomic techniques that have provided increasing sensitivity while reducing sample requirements. In turn, this has provided a much larger variety of arthropod venom compounds for potential applications such as therapeutics, molecular probes for basic research, bioinsecticides or anti-parasitic drugs. This special issue of Toxicon aims to cover the breadth of arthropod venom research, including toxin evolution, pharmacology, toxin discovery and characterisation, toxin structures, clinical aspects, and potential applications. 1. Diversity of arthropod venom systems

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