Phonetic variation in Scottish Gaelic laterals

Nance, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2014.07.005

Cited by 36 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Midpoints only are analyzed in this paper, which are defined acoustically as the midpoint of the steady state of the /l/, as shown in Figure 3. Although not all tokens were as clear as Figure 3 in exhibiting an obvious measurement point of preference, identifying relatively stable formants within the region of the liquid was always possible, as found by previous acoustic studies of laterals (Carter & Local, 2007;Kirkham, 2015;Nance, 2014).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Categorical or gradient? An ultrasound investigation of /l/-darkening and vocalization in varieties of English

Turton

2017

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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This paper presents an empirical analysis of /l/-darkening in English, using ultrasound tongue imaging data from five varieties spoken in the UK. The analysis of near 500 tokens from five participants provides hitherto absent instrumental evidence demonstrating that speakers may display both categorical allophony of light and dark variants, and gradient phonetic effects coexisting in the same grammar. Results are interpreted through the modular architecture of the life cycle of phonological processes, whereby a phonological rule starts its life as a phonetically driven gradient process, over time stabilizing into a phonological process at the phrase level, and advancing through the grammar. Not only does the life cycle make predictions about application at different levels of the grammar, it also predicts that stabilized phonological rules do not replace the phonetic processes from which they emerge, but typically coexist with them, a pattern which is supported in the data. Overall, this paper demonstrates that variation in English /l/ realization has been underestimated in the existing literature, and that we can observe phonetic, phonological, and morphosyntactic conditioning when accounting for a representative range of phonological environments across varieties.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Categorical or gradient? An ultrasound investigation of /l/-darkening and vocalization in varieties of English

Turton

2017

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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“…Davidson (2006) uses SS-ANOVA for quantifying differences in tongue shape in ultrasound tongue imaging data and recent studies have extended this method to analysing time-varying formant frequency data in laterals (Simonet, Rohena-Madrazo & Paz 2008, Nance 2014. SS-ANOVA is a form of non-parametric regression that fits piecewise polynomials between individual data points (or 'knots') in order to fit a smooth curve to a data series (Gu 2013: 34-40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and phonetic variation in Sheffield English liquids

Kirkham¹

2016

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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This article reports a study of acoustic phonetic variation between ethnic groups in the realisation of the British English liquids /l/ and /ɹ/. Data are presented from 'Anglo' and 'Asian' native speakers of Sheffield English. Sheffield Anglo English is typically described as having 'dark' /l/, but there is some disagreement in the literature. British Asian speakers, on the other hand, are often described as producing much 'clearer' realisations of /l/, but the specific differences between varieties may vary by geographical location. Regression analysis of liquid steady states and Smoothing Spline ANOVAs of vocalic-liquid formant trajectories show consistent F2ࢤF1 differences in /l/ between Anglo and Asian speakers in non-final contexts, which is suggestive of a strong distinction between varieties in terms of clearness/darkness. There is also evidence of a polarity effect in liquids, with differing relationships between liquid phonemes in each variety: Asian speakers produce /l/ with higher F2ࢤF1 values than /ɹ/, and Anglo speakers produce /ɹ/ with higher F2ࢤF1 values than /l/. The results are discussed in terms of phonetic variation in liquids and socioindexical factors in speech production.

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“…This is reminiscent of the 3-way lateral continuum in Scots Gaelic (Nance, 2014), yet differences in Malayalam are considerably smaller in magnitude (cf. F2 -F1 of 1,704 Hz for /l̪ ʲ/ and 642 Hz for / ɫ̪ / in Scots Gaelic, with /l/ in between at 1,167 Hz; Nance, 2014).…”

Section: Formant and Moment Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acoustic Realization and Inventory Size: Kannada and Malayalam Alveolar/Retroflex Laterals and /ɻ/

Tabain

Kochetov

2017

Phonetica

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This study examines formant and spectral moment data for the apical and retroflex lateral sounds /l ɭ/ of the Dravidian languages Kannada and Malayalam, together with the rhotic /ɻ/ of Malayalam. Data are presented for 10 male speakers of each language. We find that the first spectral moment is lower for retroflex laterals than for alveolar laterals, and lower for the rhotic /ɻ/ of Malayalam than for the retroflex lateral in the same language. Differences emerge when the retroflex lateral of Kannada is compared with the same sound in Malayalam. For both languages, F1 is higher and F3 and F4 are lower for the retroflex /ɭ/ than for the alveolar /l/. However, F2 is higher for the retroflex than for the alveolar sound in Kannada, but lower in Malayalam. This difference is also reflected in differences in the second spectral moment between the languages. It is suggested that since proximity of F2 and F3 is known to be a defining feature of the rhotic /ɻ/ in Malayalam, principles of phonetic dispersion apply to keep F2 from becoming too close to F3 for the retroflex lateral /ɭ/ of Malayalam, but not for the same sound in Kannada.

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Phonetic variation in Scottish Gaelic laterals

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Categorical or gradient? An ultrasound investigation of /l/-darkening and vocalization in varieties of English

Categorical or gradient? An ultrasound investigation of /l/-darkening and vocalization in varieties of English

Ethnicity and phonetic variation in Sheffield English liquids

Acoustic Realization and Inventory Size: Kannada and Malayalam Alveolar/Retroflex Laterals and /ɻ/

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