Phonatory and articulatory representations of speech production in cortical and subcortical fMRI responses

Correia, João; Caballero-Gaudes, César; Guediche, Sara; Carreiras, Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61435-y

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The somatotopic map in primary motor cortex (BA 4) is well characterized and is sometimes referred to as a homunculus in the brain after its reflection of the physical body. The muscles of the foot are located at one end of the somatotopic map and the muscles of the head located at the other [ 9 – 11 ]. For conceptual convenience, zones within these somatotopic maps are often referred to by simplistic labels based on the effectors with which they are most strongly associated (e.g., M1 hand for the predominantly hand controlling zone).…”

Section: The Motor System and Its Somatotopic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

Belyk

Eichert

McGettigan

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Humans are vocal modulators par excellence. This ability is supported in part by the dual representation of the laryngeal muscles in the motor cortex. Movement, however, is not the product of motor cortex alone but of a broader motor network. This network consists of brain regions that contain somatotopic maps that parallel the organization in motor cortex. We therefore present a novel hypothesis that the dual laryngeal representation is repeated throughout the broader motor network. In support of the hypothesis, we review existing literature that demonstrates the existence of network-wide somatotopy and present initial evidence for the hypothesis' plausibility. Understanding how this uniquely human phenotype in motor cortex interacts with broader brain networks is an important step toward understanding how humans evolved the ability to speak. We further suggest that this system may provide a means to study how individual components of the nervous system evolved within the context of neuronal networks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.

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Section: The Motor System and Its Somatotopic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

Belyk

Eichert

McGettigan

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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show abstract

“…The somatotopic map in primary motor cortex (BA 4) is well characterized and is sometimes referred to as a homunculus in the brain after its reflection of the physical body. The muscles of the foot are located at one end of the somatotopic map and the muscles of the head located at the other [9][10][11]. For conceptual convenience, zones within these somatotopic maps are often referred to by simplistic labels based on the effectors with which they are most strongly associated (e.g., M1hand for the predominantly hand controlling zone).…”

Section: Motor Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human motor cortex is composed of a band of specialized grey matter along the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the precentral sulcus, which is the main source of motor output from the central nervous system. Penfield's seminal neurosurgical studies [8] described the conspicuous somatotopy of the human primary motor cortex (M1), in which the muscles of the foot are represented at one end of the somatotopic map and the muscles of the head represented at the other end [9][10][11]. Similar somatotopic maps have been described throughout the network of brain areas that control movement, including the cerebellum, supplementary motor area (SMA), basal ganglia (BG), and the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) [12][13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

Belyk¹,

Eichert²,

McGettigan³

2021

Preprint

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Humans are vocal modulators par excellence. This ability is supported in part by the dual representation of the laryngeal muscles in the motor cortex. Movement, however, is not the product of motor cortex alone but of a broader motor network. This network consists of brain regions which contain somatotopic maps that parallel the organisation in motor cortex. We therefore present a novel hypothesis that the dual laryngeal representation is repeated throughout the broader motor network. In support of the hypothesis we review existing literature which demonstrates the existence of network-wide somatotopy, and present initial evidence for the hypothesis’ plausibility. Understanding how this uniquely human phenotype in motor cortex interacts with broader brain networks is an important step toward understanding how humans evolved the ability to speak. We further suggest that this system may provide a means to study how individual components of the nervous system evolved within the context of neuronal networks.

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“…By way of general background, it is now well accepted that the cerebellum is important for higher cognitive functions in addition to motor processing ( Argyropoulos et al, 2020 ), with many studies highlighting its importance for language ( Leiner et al, 1986 ; De Smet et al, 2013 ; Schmahmann, 2019 ). Anterior cerebellar lobules I-V, together with adjacent parts of lobule VI, have been typically associated with motor processing, including articulation ( Nota and Honda, 2004 ; Ackermann et al, 2007 ; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010 ; Correia et al, 2020 ), while cognitive processing is more commonly associated with the posterior cerebellar lobules VI through IX ( Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Focal Damage to the Right Medial Posterior Cerebellum on Word and Sentence Comprehension and Production

Geva

Schneider

Roberts

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Functional imaging studies of neurologically intact adults have demonstrated that the right posterior cerebellum is activated during verb generation, semantic processing, sentence processing, and verbal fluency. Studies of patients with cerebellar damage converge to show that the cerebellum supports sentence processing and verbal fluency. However, to date there are no patient studies that investigated the specific importance of the right posterior cerebellum in language processing, because: (i) case studies presented patients with lesions affecting the anterior cerebellum (with or without damage to the posterior cerebellum), and (ii) group studies combined patients with lesions to different cerebellar regions, without specifically reporting the effects of right posterior cerebellar damage. Here we investigated whether damage to the right posterior cerebellum is critical for sentence processing and verbal fluency in four patients with focal stroke damage to different parts of the right posterior cerebellum (all involving Crus II, and lobules VII and VIII). We examined detailed lesion location by going beyond common anatomical definitions of cerebellar anatomy (i.e., according to lobules or vascular territory), and employed a recently proposed functional parcellation of the cerebellum. All four patients experienced language difficulties that persisted for at least a month after stroke but three performed in the normal range within a year. In contrast, one patient with more damage to lobule IX than the other patients had profound long-lasting impairments in the comprehension and repetition of sentences, and the production of spoken sentences during picture description. Spoken and written word comprehension and visual recognition memory were also impaired, however, verbal fluency was within the normal range, together with object naming, visual perception and verbal short-term memory. This is the first study to show that focal damage to the right posterior cerebellum leads to language difficulties after stroke; and that processing impairments persisted in the case with most damage to lobule IX. We discuss these results in relation to current theories of cerebellar contribution to language processing. Overall, our study highlights the need for longitudinal studies of language function in patients with focal damage to different cerebellar regions, with functional imaging to understand the mechanisms that support recovery.

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Phonatory and articulatory representations of speech production in cortical and subcortical fMRI responses

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis

The Effect of Focal Damage to the Right Medial Posterior Cerebellum on Word and Sentence Comprehension and Production

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