Phoenix Fuel Program Progress Report

Abstract

Plutonium Fueled CNSG Variation of Reactivity with Moderator-to-Fuel Volume Ratio and Rod Diameter for 10 vlO Enrichment Plutonium Fueled CNSG Variation of Effective Multiplication with Irradiation for 0.4 in.

Irrigation's Impact on Society

“…These waters provided a set of resources extremely abundant, available yearround, and easily exploited. All present data indicate that the littoral-based economy supported marked population growth (Moseley 1972), and the founding of very large, permanently occupied coastal settlements (Lanning 1967). In terms of size, many of the Peruvian sites are thought to have housed populations equal to, if not considerably larger than, maritime settlements on the Pacific coast of North America.…”

“…Because cultivated produce was of minor import. ance, it is generally believed that canal irrigation of desert lands was not practiced at this time (Lanning 1967). The assumption is that agricultural outputeither for lack of capability or lack of need -did not justify an investment of labor in irrigation.…”

“…Thus, the use and development of irrigation technology was not restrained by the necessity to formulate the principles of plant tending; these principles were pre-existing, At the organizational level, the building of canals postdates considerable experience in corporate labor construction. Under the aegis of the maritime economy, people were living in large, nucleated settlements, the biggest of which are variously estimated to have housed 500 to 1,500 or more individuals (Lanning 1967;Engel 1966). Evidence for corporate labor undertakings appears at almost all of the more extensive maritime settlements, and there seems to be a general but imperfect correlation between site size and the scope of organized labor activity.…”

“…Culebras I is a very substantial site situated on a hillside at the mouth of the Culebras Valley. Here, corporate construction entailed building masonry-fronted terraces over an area of many hectares to provide level residential surfaces (Lanning 1967). EI Paraiso, near the Rio Chill6n, represents the most extensive of the early ventures in mass construction.…”

“…(c) studies in which irrigation is invoked to be a prime causal factor in the development of social stratification and urbanism, and the nebulous relationships between irrigation and its bureaucratic management are discussed (Kosok 1965;Lanning 1967;Steward 1955;. These are based not only on an imperfect understanding of irrigation techniques and operation, but also on the nature of prehistoric Peruvian society.…”