“…The first data set was collected from 7,512 adult custody arrests in the six municipalities between 1996 and 1997 in which Charlotte-Mecklenburg (North Carolina) PD, Colorado Springs (Colorado) PD, Dallas (Texas) PD, St Petersburg (Florida) PD, San Diego (California) PD, and San Diego County (California) Sheriff's Department participated (Garner and Maxwell, 2001). For the second data set, 1,826 adult arrests made in Phoenix (Arizona) PD in 1994 were collected (Garner et al, 1995). To record the characteristics of the arrest situation, the suspects, the officers, and the specific behavioral acts of officers and suspects in an arrest situation, a self-survey form was used in each department.…”