Phoenicians Abroad: From Merchant Venturers to Colonists

Aubet, M. Eugènia

doi:10.1017/9781316550328.017

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There is, however, little evidence for their cultural, political, linguistic or religious centralisation. For further discussion, see references [26][27][28][29][30][31]. A full morphometric and typological study of the assemblage is underway.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Portugal, and the Iberian Peninsula in general, Iron Age glass beads are considered one of the many Eastern Mediterranean exotica traded by the Phoenicians 2 during their expansion and settlement in the West [12,[32][33][34][35][36][37]. The reasons behind the Phoenician expansion in the West have long been debated-and at times contested-including exploitation of ores, territorial expansion, search for arable land, and resources like agricultural produce or cattle [27,28,[38][39][40]. Isotopic study of silver hoards from Tell Dor, 'Akko and 'Ein Hofez (Israel) strongly suggests that the search for precious metals played a prominent role in the initial expeditions to the West [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal)

Lončarić,

Arruda,

Barrulas

et al. 2024

Heritage

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Phoenician colonisation of the Iberian Peninsula in the 1st millennium BCE introduced many novel and luxurious goods to the local populations of the Western Mediterranean. Among them, black-appearing glass beads are characteristic of indigenous female burials in Southern Portugal during the 6th century BCE. This study presents the results of the first comprehensive archaeometric investigation of black-appearing glass from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal), and of black-appearing glass from the Iberian Peninsula in general. A multi-analytical approach employing Stereomicroscopic observation of manufacture and use traces, VP-SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, and LA-ICP-MS was used to cover a wide range of questions regarding technology and provenance. All analysed samples are natron glass. All samples of black and white beads are characterized by high Zr and low Sr values typically ascribed to the use of Egyptian sands. A comparison of the results of previous studies from the same site clearly demonstrates at least two geochemical provenances for Phoenician-traded glass beads, located in the Levantine region and Egypt, respectively. Furthermore, different colours of glass in individual polychrome beads exhibit similar trace element patterns, which might suggest these beads could have been produced close to glassmaking sites/regions.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal)

Lončarić,

Arruda,

Barrulas

et al. 2024

Heritage

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“…Starting mainly from Tyros in today's Lebanon, they extended their colonial expansion across the Mediterranean beyond the Strait of Gibraltar at the end of the 9th century B.C. They laid the foundations of a pan-Mediterranean oikoumene (i.e., living space and settlement area of humans in the Mediterranean area) that included the coastlines of the southern Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Africa (Aubet, 2006(Aubet, , 2009(Aubet, , 2016Marzoli, 2012Marzoli, , 2015Marzoli, , 2018Marzoli, , 2020Pappa, 2013). The Strait of Gibraltar at the western end of the old world was thus transferred into a crucial point of different networks connecting three continents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene coastal evolution and environmental changes in the lower Río Guadiaro valley, with particular focus on the Bronze to Iron Age harbour ‘Montilla’ of Los Castillejos de Alcorrín (Málaga, Andalusia, Spain)

et al. 2022

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de

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“…The earliest Phoenician colonies along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the mouth of the Segura River are recorded in the 10th-9th centuries BC [52,53]. Except for the Island of Ibiza, there were no colonial establishments north of the Segura River.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Arboriculture in the 1st Millennium BC along the Mediterranean’s “Far West”

Pérez‐Jordà

Alonso

Rovira³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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This paper presents the history of the introduction and expansion of arboriculture during the 1st millennium BC from the South of the Iberian Peninsula to the South of France. The earliest evidence of arboriculture at the beginning of the 1st millennium hails from the south of the Iberia from where it spread northward along the peninsula’s eastern edge. The different fruits (grape, olive, fig, almond, pomegranate and apple/pear) arrived together in certain areas in spite of uneven distribution and acceptance by local communities. Grape was the crop with the greatest diffusion. The greater diversity of crops in the southern half of the peninsula is also noteworthy. Their development paved the way for a commercial agricultural model in some territories where fruits and their derivatives, such as wine and oil, played vital roles.

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Phoenicians Abroad: From Merchant Venturers to Colonists

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal)

An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal)

Holocene coastal evolution and environmental changes in the lower Río Guadiaro valley, with particular focus on the Bronze to Iron Age harbour ‘Montilla’ of Los Castillejos de Alcorrín (Málaga, Andalusia, Spain)

The Emergence of Arboriculture in the 1st Millennium BC along the Mediterranean’s “Far West”

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