Phlorotannins ameliorate extracellular matrix production in human vocal fold fibroblasts and prevent vocal fold fibrosis via aerosol inhalation in a laser‐induced fibrosis model

Abstract

Vocal fold fibrosis is an abnormal condition characterized by unfavorable changes in the organization of the extracellular matrix in vocal fold lamina propria. To prevent and treat vocal fold fibrosis, a number of synthetic drugs, such as mitomycin C and the glucocorticoid family, are used after surgery, but these are known to have some side effects. Therefore, using both in vitro and in vivo studies, this study investigated whether phlorotannins extracted from Ecklonia cava have the potential to prevent vocal fold fibrosis with minimal side effects. The results show that phlorotannins suppressed both the expression of the fibrotic phenotypic marker and cell migration by inhibiting the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad2/3 signaling pathways in human vocal fold fibroblasts stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β. Additionally, phlorotannins exhibited antifibrotic efficacy without an excessive inflammatory response in a laser‐induced fibrosis rabbit model when delivered as an aerosol via inhalation. Based on these results, phlorotannins should be considered a promising candidate for use in the prevention of vocal fold fibrosis.

Applications of Marine Organism-Derived Polydeoxyribonucleotide: Its Potential in Biomedical Engineering

“…Biomedical engineering (BME) is a rapidly developing field of medical and biological research that provides new concepts and strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various diseases [ 82 , 83 , 84 ]. The main goal of BME is the development and application of new therapies and technologies to support, repair, or replace damaged cells, tissues, and organs with alternative systems of a bio-artificial nature [ 85 ].…”

Multifunctional Gelatin/Chitosan Electrospun Wound Dressing Dopped with Undaria pinnatifida Phlorotannin-Enriched Extract for Skin Regeneration

“…This can be attributed to extract concentration into the mesh, which can exceed the maximum safe dose, since other authors reported that phlorotannins are safe and can enhance human trachea fibroblast at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg•mL [94]. Other similar studies also revealed that increasing the phlorotannins concentration between 31.25 and 250 µg•mL does not cause adverse effects on human vocal fold fibroblasts [95]. The other conditions, especially WOE meshes (only with gelatin and chitosan) almost reached the same values as the control of viable cells, without statistical differences (p > 0.05).…”

A phlorotannins‐loaded homogeneous acellular matrix film modulates post‐implantation inflammatory responses

“…Ph was extracted as previously described by Kim et al. (2020) with slight modifications. Briefly, E. cava was washed three times with tap water to remove epiphytes, salt, and sand attached to the surface and was carefully rinsed again with fresh water.…”

“…Phs encompass a unique polyphenolic compound group extracted from brown algae and consist of various phloroglucinol units including eckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A, 6,6′‐bioeckol, and dieckol (Lee et al., 2020; Park et al., 2018). These compounds have garnered increasing attention in biomedical engineering due to their many pharmaceutical effects, as well as anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐fibrotic properties (Catarino et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2020). Furthermore, Phs play an important role in the defense system of brown algae, inhibiting the growth of benthic microorganisms on its blades (Kim et al., 2020).…”

“…These compounds have garnered increasing attention in biomedical engineering due to their many pharmaceutical effects, as well as anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐fibrotic properties (Catarino et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2020). Furthermore, Phs play an important role in the defense system of brown algae, inhibiting the growth of benthic microorganisms on its blades (Kim et al., 2020). Previous studies revealed that compounds from E. cava inhibit the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 macrophages and animal models (Wijesinghe et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2016).…”