Phlorotannins

Venkatesan, Jayachandran; Keekan, Kishor Kumar; Anil, Sukumaran; Bhatnagar, Ira; Kim, Se‐Kwon

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22360-3

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…PTs can bind to bacterial proteins, such as enzymes, cell membrane proteins, and induce cell lysis [ 51 ]. Aromatic rings and OH-groups of phloroglucinol units bind to -NH-groups of bacterial proteins through H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Interaction Of Algae Polyphenols With Gram-positive and Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects

et al. 2020

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The increasing drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms raises concern worldwide and necessitates the search for new natural compounds with antibacterial properties. Marine algae are considered a natural and attractive biotechnological source of novel antibiotics. The high antimicrobial activity of their polyphenolic compounds is a promising basis for designing innovative pharmaceuticals. They can become both a serious alternative to traditional antimicrobial agents and an effective supplement to antibiotic therapy. The present review summarizes the results of numerous studies on polyphenols from algae and the range of biological activities that determine their biomedical significance. The main focus is put on a group of the polyphenolic metabolites referred to as phlorotannins and, particularly, on their structural diversity and mechanisms of antimicrobial effects. Brown algae are an almost inexhaustible resource with a high biotechnological potential for obtaining these polyfunctional compounds. An opinion is expressed that the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of phlorotannins depends on the methods of their extraction aimed at preserving the phenolic structure. The use of modern analytical tools opens up a broad range of opportunities for studying the metabolic pathways of phlorotannins and identifying their structural and functional relationships. The high antimicrobial activity of phlorotannins against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria provides a promising framework for creating novel drugs to be used in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.

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Section: Interaction Of Algae Polyphenols With Gram-positive and Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects

et al. 2020

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“…Different phlorotannins have been isolated. Some examples are presented showing the increasing number of phloroglucinol units (PUs), directly related with their increasing structural complexity: Eckol or dioxinodehydroeckol (3PUs); fucodiphloroethol G, 7-phloroeckol, tetrafucol A, tetraphlorethol B or fucodiphlorethol (4 PUs), phlorofucofuroeckol A, and B (5 PUs); dieckol, 6,6 -bieckol, fucotetraphlorethol A, hexafucol B, and fucotetraphlorethol D (6 PUs); and heptaphlorethol and heptafucol (7 PUs) [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts

et al. 2020

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Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin’s technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.

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“…Finally, PTs are polyphenols obtained from brown marine algae and formed by phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) (PG) synthesized via the acetate–malonate pathway. They are grouped into six major groups (fucols, phloroetols, fucophloroteols, fuhalols, carmalols and eckols) depending on to the type of bonds between PG units and their content of hydroxyl groups, being more complex with a higher level of PG units [ 16 , 17 ]. These tannins, which can represent up to 30% of seaweeds’ dry weight, have been demonstrated to exert antimicrobial, photoprotection or antioxidant activities, among others [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins’ Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization

Fraga-Corral

Otero

Echave

et al. 2021

Foods

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During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.

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Phlorotannins

Cited by 42 publications

References 133 publications

Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects

Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects

Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts

By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins’ Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization

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