Phlorizin ameliorates obesity-associated endotoxemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Chen, Jiang; Kang, Yi; Peng, Long; Xie, Jie; Gou, Xun; Peng, Tong; Tang, Lin

doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1842990

Cited by 133 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Unlike bacteria and their products, antibiotics, exercise, and nutrition supplements regulated muscle and gut microbiota together. To investigate the roles of gut microbiota in the process, transplantation of faeces from treated mice to disease models may be a solution 89 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review

Liu

Cheung

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

141

100

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Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis and sarcopenia commonly occur in the elderly. Although the concept of the gut–muscle axis has been raised, the casual relationship is still unclear. This systematic review analyses the current evidence of gut microbiota effects on muscle/sarcopenia. Methods A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using the keywords (microbiota* OR microbiome*) AND (sarcopen* OR muscle). Studies reporting the alterations of gut microbiota and muscle/physical performance were analysed. Results A total of 26 pre‐clinical and 10 clinical studies were included. For animal studies, three revealed age‐related changes and relationships between gut microbiota and muscle. Three studies focused on muscle characteristics of germ‐free mice. Seventy‐five per cent of eight faecal microbiota transplantation studies showed that the recipient mice successfully replicated the muscle phenotype of donors. There were positive effects on muscle from seven probiotics, two prebiotics, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten studies investigated on other dietary supplements, antibiotics, exercise, and food withdrawal that affected both muscle and gut microbiota. Twelve studies explored the potential mechanisms of the gut–muscle axis. For clinical studies, 6 studies recruited 676 elderly people (72.8 ± 5.6 years, 57.8% female), while 4 studies focused on 244 young adults (29.7 ± 7.8 years, 55.4% female). The associations of gut microbiota and muscle had been shown in four observational studies. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fermented milk, caloric restriction, and exercise in six studies displayed inconsistent effects on muscle mass, function, and gut microbiota. Conclusions Altering the gut microbiota through bacteria depletion, faecal transplantation, and various supplements was shown to directly affect muscle phenotypes. Probiotics, prebiotics, SCFAs, and bacterial products are potential novel therapies to enhance muscle mass and physical performance. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains restored age‐related muscle loss. Potential mechanisms of microbiome modulating muscle mainly include protein, energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation level, neuromuscular junction, and mitochondrial function. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of muscle loss during aging is a crucial area that requires further studies for translation to patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the roles of gut microbiota in the process, transplantation of faeces from treated mice to disease models may be a solution. 89 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review

Liu

Cheung

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

141

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, to further test our hypothesis that the gut microbiota and the inflammatory responses were inevitable correlation with the reno-protective effect of QRXZF against DKD, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) ( 51 , 52 ) experiment or germ-free mice would be performed in further studies to provide more evidences about QRXZF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng Formula Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice With Diabetic Kidney Disease

et al. 2021

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Evidence indicates that the metabolic inflammation induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to diabetic kidney disease. Prebiotic supplementations to prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis, inhibit inflammatory responses, and protect the renal function in DKD. Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng formula (QRXZF) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been used for DKD treatment in China. Recently, there are growing studies show that regulation of gut microbiota is a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD as it is able to reduce metabolic inflammation associated with DKD. However, it is unknown whether QRXZF is effective for DKD by regulating of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the reno-protective effect of QRXZF by exploring its potential mechanism between gut microbiota and downstream inflammatory pathways mediated by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the kidney. High-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin injection-induced DKD mice model was established to assess the QRXZF effect in vivo. Mice treated with QRXZF for 8 weeks had significantly lower levels of urinary albumin, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. The renal injuries observed through histological analysis were attenuated as well. Also, mice in the QRXZF group had higher levels of Zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression, lower levels of serum fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and less-damaged colonic mucosa as compared to the DKD group, implying the benefit role for the gut barrier integrity. QRXZF treatment also reversed gut dysbiosis and reduced levels of gut-derived LPS. Notably, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which are important inflammation pathways in DKD, were suppressed in the QRXZF groups. In conclusion, our results indicated that the reno-protective effects of QRXZF was probably associated with modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory responses in the kidney.

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“…As we saw, antibiotic use in HFDGA group almost eliminated these genera, and DG treatment down-regulated the abundances of these BSHproducing genera relative to their control groups more or less. Here, Desulfovibrio and Mucispirillum, as LPS-producing genera (Kim et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2020), were similarly reduced after DG intervention with respect to NCD and HFD groups (Figure 6F).…”

Section: Dg Reduced Bsh Enriched Bacteria and Lps-producing Bacteria In Hfd-fed Micementioning

confidence: 83%

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Ameliorates Obesity Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota-Conjugated BAs-FXR Signaling

Hou

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Obesity is a worldwide epidemic metabolic disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acids (BAs) metabolism disorder are closely related to obesity. Farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR), served as a link between gut microbiota and BAs, is involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. We previously reported that diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) could alter gut microbiota and prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains ambiguous how DG affects the gut microbiota to regulate host metabolism. In this present study, 16S rRNA Illumina NovaSeq and metabolomic analysis revealed that DG treatment suppressed microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, which, in turn, increased the levels of taurine-conjugated BAs accompanied by inhibition of ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling. As a result, several obesity-related metabolism were improved, like lower serum glucose and insulin levels, increased insulin sensitivity, few hepatic steatosis and resistance to weight gain. Additionally, decreased level of serum lipopolysaccharide was observed, which contributed to a strengthened intestinal barrier. The effect of DG on weight loss was slightly enhanced in the antibiotics-treated obese mice. Collectively, the efficacy of DG in the treatment of obesity might depend on gut microbiota-conjugated BAs-FXR axis. Hence, it will provide a potential novel approach for the treatment of obesity.

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Phlorizin ameliorates obesity-associated endotoxemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity

Abstract: Tang (2020) Phlorizin ameliorates obesity-associated endotoxemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity,

Cited by 133 publications

References 60 publications

Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review

Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review

Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng Formula Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Ameliorates Obesity Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota-Conjugated BAs-FXR Signaling

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