Philosophy of Ownership Law in Islam (Analysis of Fiqh Principles)

Abstract

Ownership is an important microeconomic theory position in Islamic and capitalist economic systems. The discussion of ownership is not only related to financial aspects but also social and political aspects. Islam is a way of life and a universal religion because it includes all aspects of life related to economic, social, political, and cultural factors. This article aims to analysis the concept of ownership in Islam, the classification of ownership in Islam, and the fiqh rules that form the basis of ownership in Islam. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary and secondary data used are books and journals. The concept of ownership in Islamic economics helps eliminate injustice in controlling one's property by individuals, the general public, and the state so that each group can utilize and own wealth fairly and evenly so that Islamic economics can solve the current economic crisis. Classification of ownership in Islam includes three forms, namely: 1) Private ownership (al-milkiyyat al-fardiyyah), 2) Public ownership (al-milkiyyat al-ammah), 3) State ownership (al-milkiyyat al-daulah). Each holding has a foundation.