Philophthalmus gralli: Identification, Growth Characteristics, and Treatment of an Oriental Eyefluke of Birds Introduced into the Continental United States

Nollen, Paul M.; Murray, Harold D.

doi:10.2307/3279646

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The growth characteristics of adult flukes are in agreement with other digeneans studied, in which three phases are usually recognised: the lag-phase, the rapid phase and the stationary phase (Fried, 1962;Nollen, 1971;Nollen & Murray, 1978;Ismail & Issa, 1987). In P. orientalis the lag-phase lasted for 5 days after which it entered a rapid phase that continued for the rest of the period studied (35 days).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth and development of Pleurogenoides orientalis (Srivastava, 1934) (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) in the intermediate and definitive hosts

Madhavi

Kumari

1989

Syst Parasitol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two phases with an intervening brief lag-phase are recognized during the growth of the metacercaria of Pleurogenoides orientalis in the intermediate host (nymphs of Tramea limbata), the first phase being characterized by rapid growth and organogeny and the second phase by limited growth and development. The phases of growth and development of the metacercaria are correlated with various events in the cyst-forming process. The growth of the adult fluke in the definitive host (Rana cyanophlyctis) is characterized by a short initial lag-phase followed by a rapid phase during which there is rapid growth. Comparison of allometric growth parameters of various organs of the metacercaria and of the adult revealed definite allometric shifts.'~he validity of various species included in the genus Pleurogenoides is examined in the light of observations made on intraspecific variation in P. orientalis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth and development of Pleurogenoides orientalis (Srivastava, 1934) (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) in the intermediate and definitive hosts

Madhavi

Kumari

1989

Syst Parasitol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar vitellaria were seen in adult flukes from this outbreak. Live snails collected from the edges of the pool were identified as M. tuberculata, which has been reported as a natural intermediate host of P. gralli (Nollen & Murray 1978). A few empty shells were identified as those of Bulinus globosus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of the infection reported by Greve & Harrison (1980) was never established, although it was presumed that the fluke was introduced either through importation of birds for exhibit in a Texas zoo (Nollen & Murray 1978) or through wild migratory birds in an area where the freshwater snail intermediate hosts, T. granifera and M. tuberculata, were present (Greve & Harrison 1980). Information gathered from the present outbreak seems to indicate that the introduction of P. gralli in Zimbabwe was through wild migratory birds, possibly white stork.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several species have been reported (Yamaguti 1934;Ching 1961;Nollen & Murray 1978;Radev, Kanev & Gold 2000) the family is typified by the species, Philophthalmus gralli, commonly known as the "oriental eye-fluke".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freshwater snail species, Tarebia granifera and Melanoides tuberculata have been reported to be the intermediate hosts (Nollen & Murray 1978). Detailed information on the development of P. gralli in T. granifera mauiensis and the domestic chicken has been described by Alicata (1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

First report of an outbreak of the oriental eye-fluke, <i>Philophthalmus gralli</i> (Mathis & Leger 1910), in commercially reared ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) in Zimbabwe

Mukaratirwa¹,

Hove²,

Cindzi³

et al. 2005

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 17 commercially reared ostriches (Struthio camelus) from Msengi farm, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, observed with swollen eyes, severe conjunctivitis and constant lacrimation accompanied by a purulent exudate, were restrained for further clinical examination. Some of the birds were semi-blind with severe loss of body condition. When examined, tiny organisms were observed attached to the nictitating membranes and the conjuctival sacs of both eyes. The organisms were identified as Philophthalmus gralli, the "oriental eye-fluke" and Melanoides tuberculata, a prosobranch snail, was confirmed as the intermediate host through natural and experimental infection. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of the oriental eye-fluke infection in birds in Zimbabwe and Africa and extends its known geographical range.

show abstract

Effects of Parasite Infection and Host Body Size on Habitat Associations of Invasive Aquatic Snails: Implications for Environmental Monitoring

Tolley-Jordan

Chadwick

2019

J Aqua Anim Hlth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Comal River, a spring-fed system in central Texas, was invaded in the 1960s by two Asian aquatic snails (Thiaridae: red-rimmed melania Melanoides tuberculata and quilted melania Tarebia granifera) and subsequently by three of their trematode parasites (the avian eye-fluke Philophthalmus gralli in the 1960s; the gill trematode Centrocestus formosanus in the 1990s; and the intestinal fluke Haplorchis pumilio in the 2000s). Previous snail collections (2001)(2002) established that habitat conditions significantly affect the distribution of both snail species. However, the effects of snail size (known to influence infection prevalence) and habitat conditions (known to influence snail size) on trematode infection patterns in this system were not evaluated. In a re-evaluation of this data set, logistic regression analyses with individual snails showed that for both M. tuberculata and T. granifera populations, large snails were more likely to be infected than small snails, and habitat conditions were significantly related to infection in T. granifera. However, only snail size was significant in explaining the probability of infection in M. tuberculata. This result was confirmed by linear regression models, which showed that both infected and noninfected M. tuberculata used similar habitats, as large individuals in both infection categories were found in patches dominated by fine substrates and high levels of aquatic vegetation and detritus. For the large size-class of T. granifera, noninfected individuals were found primarily in habitats with silt/sand substrates and high vegetation and detritus cover, while infected individuals occurred among all available habitats. Using these results, we suggest that targeted sampling of large individuals of M. tuberculata in habitats with high detritus and vegetation and large individuals of T. granifera in any habitat can be used to efficiently ascertain parasite "hot spots" and to evaluate changes in parasite prevalence or detect the invasion of new parasites in these thiarid snails.

show abstract

Philophthalmus gralli: Identification, Growth Characteristics, and Treatment of an Oriental Eyefluke of Birds Introduced into the Continental United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Growth and development of Pleurogenoides orientalis (Srivastava, 1934) (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) in the intermediate and definitive hosts

Growth and development of Pleurogenoides orientalis (Srivastava, 1934) (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) in the intermediate and definitive hosts

First report of an outbreak of the oriental eye-fluke, <i>Philophthalmus gralli</i> (Mathis & Leger 1910), in commercially reared ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) in Zimbabwe

Effects of Parasite Infection and Host Body Size on Habitat Associations of Invasive Aquatic Snails: Implications for Environmental Monitoring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About