Philopatric and natal dispersal of tigers in a semi-arid habitat, western India

Singh, Randeep; Pandey, Puneet; Qureshi, Qamar; Sankar, Kalyanasundaram; Krausman, Paul R.; Goyal, Surendra Prakash

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104320

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Telemetry has been used since the first paper retrieved (1987) and appeared in approximately half of all papers published over time. Camera trapping has also become increasingly popular in the last five years (Bisht et al 2019, Kumbhojkar et al 2020, Port et al 2021, Singh et al 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of philopatry and dispersal in felids living in an anthropised world

Oliveira¹,

Saranholi

Dirzo

et al. 2021

Mammal Review

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Typically, males of polygamous mammals are responsible for population connectivity and gene flow via dispersal, whereas females, showing stronger philopatry, strengthen local population stability and growth. These expectations can be disrupted by human disturbances; however, this possibility has been poorly examined in wide‐ranging mammals that are important targets for conservation. By reviewing philopatry and dispersal in felids, we aimed to evaluate: 1) whether the sex‐related patterns of philopatry and dispersal predicted for polygamous mammals are prevalent in felids, 2) possible major causes underlying each of these behaviours, and 3) if, and to what extent, anthropogenic disturbances can alter patterns of philopatry and dispersal in this animal lineage. We synthesised the available literature (n = 55 papers) comprising 12 species. Puma concolor was the most‐studied species, followed by other large species. Both philopatry and dispersal were heterogeneously defined, depending on the study aim and the method employed (telemetry, camera trapping or molecular tools). Most species followed the predicted philopatric and dispersal patterns, and most study areas (76%) were under some type of anthropogenic disturbance drivers. Philopatry was linked to females’ higher dependency on the quality and availability of resources, and to their social dynamics, higher reproductive success, inclusive fitness and demographic aspects of population. Dispersal was frequently linked to competition for mates and resources, and inbreeding avoidance. However, some plasticity was observed in both philopatry and dispersal, especially under the presence of anthropogenic drivers. For example, hunting can create open territories, increasing the number of philopatric females and opportunistic philopatric males. Habitat fragmentation can increase population isolation and male dispersal distance, and the presence of anthropogenic or natural barriers can result in unsuccessful dispersal attempts. We postulate that human activities affect long‐term population persistence in the Felidae, via disruption of sex‐related patterns of spatial dynamics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of philopatry and dispersal in felids living in an anthropised world

Oliveira¹,

Saranholi

Dirzo

et al. 2021

Mammal Review

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“…In terms of its terrain, the study area is heterogenous. Undulating terrain comprising low rugged hills and gorges characterise Kailadevi and Ranthambore (elevation 200-500 m) (Singh et al, 2021). The surrounding areas have extensive plains where mustard, rape seed, soyabean, wheat and chickpeas are cultivated.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dry deciduous forests of Sheopur Division and Kuno -Palpur national park are distributed over an undulating terrain as well. Temperatures range from winter lows of about 2 • C to a summer maximum of over 47 • C (Singh et al, 2021). The area receives ∼700 mm of precipitation each year, largely in the monsoons between June and August.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area receives ∼700 mm of precipitation each year, largely in the monsoons between June and August. Dhonk (Anogiesus pendula) is the dominant tree in the dry deciduous forests, with stands of kadaya (Sterculia urens), salai (Boswellia serrata), raunj (Acacia leucophloea), amaltas (Cassia fistula), palash (Butea monosperma), tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), gurjan (Lannea coromandelica), and jamun (Syzygium cumini) trees also populating these forests (Singh et al, 2021). The open scrublands contain shrubs such as Euphorbia spp., with extensive areas dominated by the invasive Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) as well.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Carnivore Occurrence and Community Attitudes Towards Wildlife in a Multi-Use Arid Landscape Corridor

Kannan

Salaria

Khan

et al. 2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Small population sizes, low densities, and large area requirements make large carnivores particularly sensitive to habitat degradation and land-use change. In fragmented landscapes, many protected areas cannot accommodate viable wildlife populations in themselves, which brings the surrounding human-dominated matrix that may extend wildlife habitats or serve as corridors into focus. Such areas are typically excluded from the conservation portfolio and are subject to rapid land -use change in many areas. This study investigates the occurrence of tigers, sloth bears, leopards and striped hyenas and assesses community use of natural resources and attitudes towards wildlife in a 3,384 km2 portion of semi-arid multiple-use landscape in Western India that also serves as an important wildlife corridor. This area abuts Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, a preeminent protected area in Western India. Sign surveys spanning 1,039.22 km of trails were conducted in 94, 36 km2 grids spanning agricultural land, forests and other land use types to collate information on wildlife occurrence and associated environmental and human factors. Analysis using occupancy models revealed that tiger and sloth bear occurrence probabilities (0.093 ± 0.05), and (0.13 ± 0.02) were considerably lower than those for leopards (0.72 ± 0.22) and striped hyenas (0.91 ± 0.08). Lack of sufficient cover and limited food availability renders these multiple-use habitats poorly suited for tigers and sloth bears, while leopards and hyenas are able to adapt better to multi-use areas. Concurrently, 66 villages were surveyed across the study landscape, where data on broad socio-economic attributes of communities and their attitudes towards wildlife were assessed through questionnaire surveys. More respondents expressed negative attitudes than positive attitudes which vary as a function of education levels, occupation and land holding sizes. Ongoing landscape transformation through mining, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and negative attitudes towards wildlife conservation among people living in the agricultural matrix threatens the long-term functionality of these corridors. Therefore, immediate measures are needed to develop and implement corridor conservation strategies and plans, with a focus on land use planning and human-wildlife conflict mitigation. In the absence of decisive and timely action, wildlife populations may increasingly get relegated to fragmented patches, jeopardising their persistence.

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“…India is home to 23% of global carnivore species, wherein the carnivores share space with a population of 1.3 billion people in multiuse landscapes (e.g., forest, agroforests, scrublands, barren lands, grasslands) [ 22 ]. Among these, ~4% forest is protected, while ~19% are unprotected forest cover of the whole country’s land area [ 23 ], which has been used by carnivores for different purposes, including foraging, dispersal, and reproduction [ 24 ]. Carnivore generally adopted behavioural mechanism can lead to coexistence in shared landscapes via (i) spatial avoidance of human-dominated areas [ 5 ] (ii) overlap in the same space with humans but temporally avoid humans, e.g., nocturnality [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High striped hyena density suggests coexistence with humans in an agricultural landscape, Rajasthan

et al. 2022

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Understanding the mechanism of coexistence, where carnivores adapt to humans and vice versa in the shared landscape, is a key determinant of long-term carnivore conservation but is yet to be comprehensively examined. We explored the coexistence mechanism of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) and humans in the shared landscape of Sawai Mansingh Wildlife Sanctuary (SMS WLS), Rajasthan, from November 2019 to March 2021. We used data derived from motion sensors-based surveys, satellite remote sensing images, and household questionnaires to understand socio-ecological, environmental and anthropogenic factors facilitating hyena persistence in the shared landscape. The high density (12 individuals/100 km2) striped hyena in the landscape revealed the coexistence with humans. Being scavengers, they get subsidised food sources and are perceived as low-risk species by humans. Striped hyena minimised temporal activity during the daytime when human activity peaked. However, the highest activity overlap was observed in the agricultural area (Δ1 = 0.39), and likely depicts the high activity due to agricultural practices. While the human settlement was positively associated with the detection of hyenas, the probability of striped hyena captures increased with decreasing distance from human settlement, possibly influenced by high carcass availability, providing the easiest food resources to striped hyena, and allowing them to coexist with humans. This study demonstrates the coexistence of hyenas and humans in the shared landscape supported by mutual benefits, where hyenas benefit from anthropogenic food from scavenging, while humans benefit from waste removal and the non-lethal nature hyenas.

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Philopatric and natal dispersal of tigers in a semi-arid habitat, western India

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

A review of philopatry and dispersal in felids living in an anthropised world

A review of philopatry and dispersal in felids living in an anthropised world

Assessing Carnivore Occurrence and Community Attitudes Towards Wildlife in a Multi-Use Arid Landscape Corridor

High striped hyena density suggests coexistence with humans in an agricultural landscape, Rajasthan

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