Philippine pangolin Manis culionensis (de Elera, 1915)

Schoppe, Sabine; Katsis, Lydia K.D.; Alvarado, Dexter; Acosta-Lagrada, Levita

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815507-3.00007-1

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Asia's increasing demand for African pangolins is most likely because of the population decline of Asian pangolin populations since the late 20th century ( Irshad et al, 2015 ; Legakul and McNeely, 1988 ; Newton et al, 2008 ; Schoppe et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2004a ). The widespread use of pangolin scales in traditional medicine ( Wang et al, 2020 ; Zhang, 2009 ) and the high social status associated with consuming pangolin meat ( Shairp et al, 2016 ) in Asia are primarily responsible for Asian pangolin declines, with growing economic ties between Asia and Africa ( Ajakaiye and Kaplinsky, 2009 ) possibly facilitating the Africa-Asia pangolin trade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sri Lanka) – Perera et al, 2021 Philippine pangolin (Asia) 4.9 (2.7–7.3: n = 9; male. Philippines) – S. Schoppe, unpublished data (as cited in Schoppe et al, 2020 ) 3.2 (3–3.5: n = 4; female. Philippines) S. Schoppe, unpublished data (as cited in Schoppe et al, 2020 ) Sunda pangolin (Asia) 5.09 (2.8–9.1: n = 21; male) – Save Vietnam's Wildlife, unpublished data (as cited in Chong et al, 2020 ) 4.5 (2.9–6.3: n = 21; female) – Save Vietnam's Wildlife, unpublished data (as cited in Chong et al, 2020 ) – 360.51 (n = 119) Zhou et al, 2012 a The average of the presented Mass-to-Individual Conversion Factors was used for black-bellied pangolins (i.e., 198.91 g: n = 6).…”

Section: Pangolin Body Mass and Conversion Factors Used In Estimating Mni This Table Also Contains Data For Asian Pangolin Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rising demand for their scales, a widely used constituent in traditional Chinese medicines ( Wang et al, 2020 ; Zhang, 2009 ), has dramatically increased their exploitation in the last decade ( Heinrich et al, 2017 ). As Asian pangolin populations have declined ( Chong et al, 2020 ; Mahmood et al, 2020 ; Schoppe et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ), their African congeners have faced increasing pressure to meet Asia's demand for pangolin scales, and to a lesser extent, meat ( Challender et al, 2020 ; Ingram et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

Emogor

Ingram

Coad

et al. 2021

Biological Conservation

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The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) prohibits commercial trans-national trade in pangolin specimens. However, African pangolins are continually trafficked to Asia for traditional medicine, with Nigeria considered a key hub. Using reported Nigeria-linked pangolin seizure data and interviews with Nigerian law enforcement officials, we a) characterised Nigeria's involvement in global pangolin trafficking January 2010–September 2021, particularly observing trafficking trends after pangolin's CITES Appendix I listing; b) estimated the minimum number of pangolins whose scales are in Nigeria-linked seizures January 2010–September 2021, and; c) assessed ongoing efforts within Nigeria to curb pangolin trafficking. Nigeria-linked seizures involved 190,407 kg of pangolin derivatives (99.9% scales) from a minimum of 799,343 pangolins (95% confidence interval; 625,944-996,353) of four species (see caveats in Methods). All shipments confiscated in transit were destined for Asia, with a rapid increase in the mass of maritime shipments over time. Furthermore, stockpiling of pangolin derivatives for overseas shipment is perhaps a prominent trafficking model in Nigeria. Nigeria's law enforcement efforts improved from 2017, the same year Nigeria apparently began playing a hub role. The impact of pangolin's CITES Appendix I listing on pangolin trafficking was unclear, as the marked rise in seizures from 2017 when the listing became effective, coincided with improvements in Nigerian law enforcement efforts. COVID-19–induced travel restrictions likely reduced trafficking activities in 2020 but activities may have fully resumed in 2021. This study provides new information to inform effective enforcement and policy formulation efforts to protect African pangolins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pangolin Body Mass and Conversion Factors Used In Estimating Mni This Table Also Contains Data For Asian Pangolin Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

Emogor

Ingram

Coad

et al. 2021

Biological Conservation

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“…This is particularly important in Southeast Asia, which has the highest rates of deforestation globally and more than 70% of forests are now within 1 km of an edge (Haddad et al, 2015; Wilcove et al, 2013). Observations of several pangolin species in disturbed areas suggest that they can tolerate moderate levels of disturbance (Acosta‐Lagrada, 2012; Mahmood et al, 2020; Schoppe et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2020). However, this perceived tolerance to modified habitats could also be due to increased detectability in areas that humans occupy, and their mere presence may not capture meaningful declines in their relative abundance or survival (e.g., edges could be population sinks).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunda pangolins show inconsistent responses to disturbances across multiple scales

et al. 2023

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Pangolins are the most trafficked animals worldwide and are presumed to be restricted to pristine habitats due to poaching intensity in more accessible degraded areas or intrinsic habitat preferences. We tested the hypothesis that pangolins' could persist in degraded areas and near humans if poaching is controlled. We used occurrence records from new and published camera trapping studies from across Southeast Asia to conduct a multiscale analysis of habitat associations for the Critically Endangered Sunda pangolin, encompassing poached and non-poached areas. Our results were highly influenced by Singapore, where pangolins are common in urban settings and there is minimal poaching. Excluding Singapore, there were no significant landscape-level habitat associations, reflecting pangolins are habitat generalists. At local scales (including and excluding Singapore), occupancy was negatively correlated with active deforestation but not previously degraded forests. We conclude that with strong antipoaching enforcement, pangolins are unexpectedly adaptable, with Singapore exemplifying the potential for species recovery.

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“…Describing the correlations among different morphometric measurements can also provide useful insights into the age of an individual animal [ 26 , 28 , 29 ]. Furthermore, morphological features such as claw length and shape can further vary among different species of pangolins depending on the use [ 30 ]. For instance, the claw length and shape of arboreal pangolin species may differ from ground-dwelling pangolin species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on the Morphometric Characterization of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Sri Lanka

Algewatta

Perera

Karawita

et al. 2020

Animals

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An accurate morphological description and analysis based on reliable data are unavailable for the geographically isolated population of M. crassicaudata in Sri Lanka. This study provides the most updated morphological description of M. crassicaudata with special reference to body measurements directly obtained from 27 specimens collected island-wide. Morphological parameters were recorded under three age classes that were defined based on their body weight (BW) and total body length (TBL); juvenile (BW: <4.3 kg TBL: <56.0 cm), subadult (BW: 4.3–7.3 kg TBL: 56–101 cm), and adult (BW: >7.3 kg TBL: >101 cm) and gender to reveal sexual dimorphism based on morphometric parameters. The TBL of adult males ranged between 137 and 177 cm while body weight ranged between 20.4 and 48.8 kg. The average count of body scales was 511 ± 21. The body scales were found arranged in 13 longitudinal rows with the highest number of scales observed on the vertebral scale row (16 ± 1). Three major scale morphs were identified; broad rhombic scales, elongated kite-shaped scales, and folded shaped scales. Broad rhombic shaped scales was the dominant scale type (80.49%) on the body (405 ± 7). The tail-length to body-length ratio of an Indian pangolin was 0.87. The tail length of an Indian pangolin is a reliable predictor of the TBL and has potential implications in quick field data gathering.

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Philippine pangolin Manis culionensis (de Elera, 1915)

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

Sunda pangolins show inconsistent responses to disturbances across multiple scales

Updates on the Morphometric Characterization of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Sri Lanka

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