Pheromone extracts act as boosters for entomopathogenic nematodes efficacy

Oliveira-Hofman, Camila; Kaplan, Fatma; Stevens, G. H.; Lewis, Edwin E.; Wu, Shaohui; Alborn, Hans T.; Perret-Gentil, Abigail; Shapiro‐Ilan, David I.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.04.008

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Understanding pheromone effects on dispersal has significant implications to translational and applied sciences because EPNs are commercially available biological control agents and also used as model organisms to study the biology of parasites [1][2][3][4][5] . Consistent with Kaplan et al 22 findings, ascaroside-containing extracts from host cadavers increased S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJ dispersal 23 by a factor of 3 and led to increased insect host encounter 35 cm below the application site in soil columns. Furthermore, pheromone extract treated IJs have 28-78% better biocontrol efficacy against pecan weevil and black soldier fly larvae than that of non-treated IJs in greenhouse trials 23 .…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…Consistent with Kaplan et al 22 findings, ascaroside-containing extracts from host cadavers increased S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJ dispersal 23 by a factor of 3 and led to increased insect host encounter 35 cm below the application site in soil columns. Furthermore, pheromone extract treated IJs have 28-78% better biocontrol efficacy against pecan weevil and black soldier fly larvae than that of non-treated IJs in greenhouse trials 23 .…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…Exposure to pheromone extracts improves IJ efficacy 23 , but we don't know whether the behavioral patterns exhibited by the two species in the absence of pheromones are the same. The differences in foraging behaviors and associated hierarchical cues required to trigger infection decisions 42 may result in different responses to pheromone extracts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPNs survive within water films in interstitial spaces in soil, where factors such as moisture and soil type affect survival and dispersal [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Furthermore, EPNs outside the cadaver respond directionally to a variety of stimuli such as CO 2 13,14 , vibration 15 , temperature 16 , nitrogen-based compounds 17 , electromagnetic stimuli 18,19 , volatile cues from infected and uninfected insect hosts 14,20,21 and pheromones 22,23 . Interspecific variation in foraging strategy also influences behavior 4,11,14,24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence

Kaplan¹,

Perret-Gentil

Giurintano

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Ascaroside pheromones stimulate dispersal, a key nematode behavior to find a new food source. Ascarosides produced by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) drive infective juvenile (IJ) emergence from consumed cadavers and dispersal in soil. Without ascarosides from host cadavers, Steinernema feltiae (EPN) reduce dispersal substantially. To determine whether other Steinernema spp. exhibit the same behavior, we compared S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJs without host cadaver pheromones. Unlike S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae IJs continued to disperse. However, S. carpocapsae IJs exhibited a temperature-dependent quiescent period. The IJ quiescent period increased at ≤20 °C but did not appear at ≥25 °C. Consistent with this, S. carpocapsae IJ quiescence increased from 30 min to 24 h at ≤20 °C over 60 days. The quiescent period was overcome by dispersal pheromone extracts of their own, other Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Furthermore, S. carpocapsae IJ ambush foraging associated behaviors (tail standing, waving, and jumping) were unaffected by the absence or presence of host cadaver pheromones. For S. feltiae, IJ dispersal declined at all temperatures tested. Understanding the interaction between foraging strategies and pheromone signals will help uncover molecular mechanisms of host seeking, pathogenicity and practical applications to improve the EPN's efficacy as biocontrol agents. Dispersing and host-finding are important behaviors for parasites' success; finding a new host involves emergence from the host, dispersal, and foraging for a new host. A combination of intrinsic chemical drivers and extrinsic cues associated with potential hosts drives dispersal, searching behaviors and infection decisions. Local environmental conditions also affect parasites' success. For example, for soil-associated parasites these environmental factors include soil type, soil moisture, salinity, and temperature, among others. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are insect parasites used as model organisms to study the biology of parasites 1,2. Since they kill insects, they also have commercial applications for controlling insect pests as biocontrol agents 3-5. Once EPNs consume an insect host a specialized non-developmental life stage, called the infective juvenile (IJ), emerges from the spent host and disperses to search for a new host. The IJs carry tens to hundreds of symbiotic bacteria cells (Xenorhabdus spp. for Steinernema spp. nematodes and Photorhabdus spp. for Heterorhabditis spp. nematodes). Once a host has been infected by multiple IJs, the nematodes resume development, release their symbiotic bacteria, feed on the bacteria, and one to three generations develop within a single host over a 10 to 22-day period. When nutritional quality declines and waste products increase, IJs once again develop and emerge from the host. The EPN IJ host finding process

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supporting

confidence: 83%

supporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence

Kaplan¹,

Perret-Gentil

Giurintano

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Ascarosides (a group of glycolipids which regulate mating and development) secreted by several EPN species result in a greater dispersal of various EPNs, in both natural and synthetic form [83]. Pheromone extracts from S. feltiae (SN strain) or S. carpocapsae (All strain), when tested on Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae, showed an improved dispersal and efficacy, which suggests that pheromone-mediated enhancement of EPN efficacy could be achieved by exposing EPNs to specific pheromones [47].…”

Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Interactions between Insect Biological Control Agents and Semiochemicals

Sharma

Sandhi

Reddy

2019

Insects

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Biological control agents and semiochemicals have become essential parts of the integrated pest management of insect pests over recent years, as the incorporation of semiochemicals with natural enemies and entomopathogenic microbials has gained significance. The potential of insect pheromones to attract natural enemies has mainly been established under laboratory conditions, while semiochemicals from plants have been used to attract and retain natural enemies in field conditions using strategies such as trap crops and the push–pull mechanism. The best-known semiochemicals are those used for parasitoids–insect pest–plant host systems. Semiochemicals can also aid in the successful dispersal of entomopathogenic microbials. The use of semiochemicals to disseminate microbial pathogens is still at the initial stage, especially for bacterial and viral entomopathogens. Future studies should focus on the integration of semiochemicals into management strategies for insects, for which several semiochemical compounds have already been studied. More effective formulations of microbial agents, such as granular formulations of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), along with bio-degradable trap materials, could improve this strategy. Furthermore, more studies to evaluate species-specific tactics may be needed, especially where more than one key pest is present.

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Evaluation of chemical and microbial control options for Pangaeus bilineatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) infesting peanut crop

Mbata

Shapiro‐Ilan

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The peanut burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus is a major crop pest of peanuts in the southern United States. Peanuts infested by P. bilineatus exhibit weight and quality losses and could be discounted by ≤50% of the prevailing market price. Control of this pest is difficult because it attacks peanut pods underground, thus rendering foliar pesticide applications ineffective. Integration of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes (EPF/EPNs) with chemical insecticides in the management of P. bilineatus was investigated as a potential integrated pest management containment tool.RESULTS: The nymphs were less susceptible than adults of P. bilineatus to EPNs. Comparison of six strains of both Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. demonstrated that Steinernema carpocapsae (All) was the most virulent EPN, causing 75.54% mortality of P. bilineatus adults after 7 days postinoculation (dpi), whereas the mortality generated by the application of the rest of the nematodes ranged between 17.03% (H. bacteriophora -Lewis) and 50% (H. bacteriophora VS). Application of imidacloprid by itself at ½FR (field rate) did not result in any significant mortality of P. bilineatus adults but application of chlorpyrifos at 1/8FR caused significant mortality (27.41-61.35%) at 7-14 dpi. However, combined applications of S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid resulted in significant mortality starting at 3 dpi. The interactions between S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid were synergistic at 3-5 dpi, but became additive at 7-14 dpi. Both chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid did not negatively impact the reproduction of S. carpocapsae. CONCLUSION:The compatibility between S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid makes a case for the combination to be used for the management of P. bilineatus.

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Pheromone extracts act as boosters for entomopathogenic nematodes efficacy

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence

Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence

A Review of Interactions between Insect Biological Control Agents and Semiochemicals

Evaluation of chemical and microbial control options for Pangaeus bilineatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) infesting peanut crop

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