PHEROMONE EFFECTS OF <i>CIS</i>-9 LONG CHAIN ALKENES ON THE COMMON HOUSE FLY — AN IMPROVED SEX ATTRACT ANT COMBINATION

Mansingh, Ajai; Steele, R.; Smallman, B. N.; Meresz, O.; Mozogai, Cecilia

doi:10.4039/ent1041963-12

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The reduction in flight activity produces a concomitant decrease in the probability of individual flies entering the visual field of the clustered pseudoflies. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that ( Z )‐9‐tricosene induces increased activity levels ( Mansingh et al . 1972 ; Nicholas 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual responses of Musca domestica to pheromone impregnated targets in poultry units

Chapman

Knapp

Goulson

1999

Medical Vet Entomology

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Field trials investigating the effect of visual cues on catches of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at toxic targets impregnated with the female sex pheromone (Z)-9-tricosene, were conducted in a caged-layer deep-pit poultry unit in southern England. Targets treated with azamethiphos and baited with 2.5 g of 40% (Z)-9-tricosene impregnated beads caught significantly greater numbers of M. domestica than control targets. The greater attractiveness of the pheromone impregnated targets persisted for at least 5 weeks. The addition of longitudinal black stripes, or a regularly spaced pattern of black spots, to the white targets had no effect on catch rates. However, a pattern of clustered black spots, designed to imitate groups of feeding M. domestica, significantly increased target catches; this effect was particularly pronounced in the targets impregnated with (Z)-9-tricosene. Trials comparing the attractiveness of white and fluorescent yellow pheromone-treated targets under two different lighting regimes indicated that M. domestica does not have a significant preference for either colour. The implications of these results in relation to the control of M. domestica populations in poultry units are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory investigations have consistently demonstrated that ( Z )‐9‐tricosene elicits increased activity, orientation and short‐range attraction of male M. domestica to the odour source ( Carlson et al . 1971 ; Mansingh et al . 1972 ; Rogoff et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual responses of Musca domestica to pheromone impregnated targets in poultry units

Chapman

Knapp

Goulson

1999

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…(i) Larger targets attract more flies, (ii) ( Z )‐9‐tricosene attracts mainly male flies, and (iii) higher concentrations of ( Z )‐9‐tricosene increase the catch. (Z)‐9‐tricosene is present in the cuticular hydrocarbons of female houseflies, and has long been known to attract as a short‐range attractant and copulatory stimulant for males ( Rogoff et al., 1964; Mayer and James , 1971; Mansingh et al., 1972; Carlson et al., 1974; Richter et al., 1976). In field trials in poultry houses it also increases the catch of females ( Mitchell et al., 1975; Chapman et al., 1998a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of (Z)‐9‐tricosene baited targets for control of the housefly (Musca domestica) in outdoor situations

Hanley

Dunn

Abolins

et al. 2004

J Applied Entomology

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Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) are a major pest species in a variety of outdoor situations, notably on and around livestock farms and landfill used for the disposal of domestic waste. Currently no effective options are available for control of houseflies outdoors, because many populations exhibit at least some resistance to all available synthetic pesticides. (Z)-9-tricosene is the only commercially available pheromone for use in lure-and-kill approaches to housefly control, and it is widely used in indoor livestock units in combination with sugar/insecticide bait. Here we examine the potential of this approach for use outdoors, on a landfill site. We investigate the efficacy of toxic targets painted with a sugar/insecticide/(Z)-9-tricosene mix. The effects of target size and pheromone concentration were examined in two replicate trials, conducted in June and September 2003. As expected, catch consisted largely of males, was consistently higher on larger traps, and generally increased with (Z)-9-tricosene concentration even up to very high levels. However, in repeated trials, and despite mass release of marked flies, catch rates appeared to be insufficient to provide adequate control. We suggest that this is probably because (Z)-9-tricosene is primarily a short-range attractant, and fly populations in outdoor situations are generally distributed over a large area. Catch declined rapidly to zero within 2 weeks, indicating that improved formulation or target design is needed to slow the weathering of active ingredients on the targets. It seems unlikely that (Z)-9-tricosene is sufficiently attractive to houseflies to provide an effective and economic lure in outdoor situations.

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“…This questions the role (Z)-9-tricosene may actually play in mating behaviour. (Z)-9-tricosene enhances sexual activity in male houseflies (Mansingh et al,1972;Uebel et al, 1976;Adams & Holt, 1987;La-France et al 1989;Lemke et al,1990;Islam & Port, 1994) which may explain its relatively high production by the females in the laboratory where environmental conditions are constant and not extreme and where selection pressure is high. However, our results suggest that it is not decisive for mating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of laboratory culturing on (Z)‐9‐tricosene (muscalure) quantities on female houseflies

Noorman

Otter

2001

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Using gas chromatography the relative amounts of (Z)‐9‐tricosene (muscalure) and some other hydrocarbons on the cuticle of 1‐ to 20‐day‐old houseflies (Musca domestica L.) from different strains were determined. Flies from a WHO strain, in culture since 1961, and first‐generation laboratory‐cultured flies from two wild‐type strains from a poultry breeding and a cow‐house with pigsty, respectively, were compared. On WHO females hydrocarbons with 23–25 C atoms constituted about 65% of the total hydrocarbons, whereas on wild‐type females less than 2% of these compounds was present. (Z)‐9‐tricosene comprised up to 20–30% of the total hydrocarbons on 5‐ to 20‐day‐old WHO females, whereas less than 0.5% (Z)‐9‐tricosene was present on the wild‐type females. We also compared the amounts of (Z)‐9‐tricosene and some other hydrocarbons on female houseflies, kept in culture in the laboratory for several generations. It appeared that whereas on first‐generation wild‐type females hardly or no (Z)‐9‐tricosene could be detected, the amounts of this substance had increased considerably after some tens of generations in the laboratory. It is suggested that this was due to selection in subsequent generations of high‐density populations. Production of (Z)‐9‐tricosene and of tricosane was shown to be closely linked. Selection did not affect the production of other cuticular hydrocarbons by the females. It is suggested that in mixed populations (both sexes together in a cage) in the course of time (Z)‐9‐tricosene is transferred from females to males and (Z)‐9‐heptacosene from males to females. It is concluded that reproductive ability of houseflies does not primarily depend on the amounts of (Z)‐9‐tricosene on females, although higher amounts of this substance may increase contacts between males and females.

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PHEROMONE EFFECTS OF CIS-9 LONG CHAIN ALKENES ON THE COMMON HOUSE FLY — AN IMPROVED SEX ATTRACT ANT COMBINATION

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Visual responses of Musca domestica to pheromone impregnated targets in poultry units

Visual responses of Musca domestica to pheromone impregnated targets in poultry units

Evaluation of (Z)‐9‐tricosene baited targets for control of the housefly (Musca domestica) in outdoor situations

The effects of laboratory culturing on (Z)‐9‐tricosene (muscalure) quantities on female houseflies

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