Pheromone-aided robust multipath and multipriority routing in wireless MANETs

Abstract

In this paper, we present an ant-based multipath routing protocol that considers both energy and latency. Energy efficiency is an important issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) since node energy supplies are stored in batteries. In order to increase the network lifetime it is important to maximize the minimum node energy along the path. As the network topology changes, failures may occur on active routes, resulting in the need for new route discoveries if only single routes per flow are maintained. Frequent new route discovery would, however, increase routing overhead and increase mean and peak packet latency. Using multiple routes simultaneously per flow can be a solution to these problems. In a multipath context, we consider mobile ad-hoc communication networks with dual-priority traffic: latency-critical and not latency-critical. For latency-critical traffic, energy-pheromone and delay-pheromone metrics are combined after being normalized so that their respective significance is preserved. For not latency-critical traffic, only energy-pheromone metrics are used.

Multi-topology routing for improved network resource utilization in mobile tactical networks

“…In [7] important multipath protocols are covered. In [8][9][10] [11] multipath is established explicitly for QoS support. Some of these also make a point of combining DiffServ and multipath routing.…”

A Reliable Routing Strategy for MANET Based on SGC

“…Actually, if a border has not been chosen by any ant, the pheromone value on it will take on exponential decline trend with iterative times as index [6]. After volatilization, pheromone will be left on borders passed by ants, the value of which is shown in (4).…”

“…k on position i takes j as the next hop according to pseudorandom proportional rule, which is given out in (6). Here q is a random variable which obeys uniform distribution in [0,1], and q 0 (0 q 0 1) is a parameter.…”

Ant Colony Based Node Disjoint Hybrid Multi-path Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Network

“…The choice of allocation granularity is important in traffic allocation. The allocation [7] granularity specifies the smallest unit of information allocated to each path. For instance, a per-connection granularity would allocate all traffic for one connection to a single path.…”