Pheonicianism: The Formation of an Identity in Lebanon of 1920

Ḳaufman, Asher

doi:10.1080/714004369

Cited by 21 publications

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“…La Faculté orientale de l'USJ dont les enseignants les plus célèbres étaient les professeurs Lammens, Cheikho et Ronzevalle a joué un rôle prépondérant dans le développement de deux mouvements nationaux séparés : le syrien et le libanais 147 et a ainsi exprimé l'idée en faveur de la création du « Grand Liban » en 1920. 148 C'est alors que les classes moyennes cultivées sont appelées à prendre la tête de la nation nouvelle. 149 Ce n'est donc pas un hasard si le Liban est gouverné à différentes époques par un ancien étudiant de l'Université, de même qu'en sont issus aussi presque tous les présidents du Conseil, la majorité des ministres et des hauts fonctionnaires.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Les phases de l'évolution de l'Université Saint-Joseph à Beyrouth : Les premières décennies (1875-1914)

Herzstein

2012

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RÉSUMÉ :L’origine de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ) remonte au Séminaire de Ghazīrfondé par les Pères jésuites en 1843. Le Collège de Ghazīr, destiné à former le clergé maronitelocal, est transféré à Beyrouth en 1875. Ce centre d’études supérieures prend le nom d’UniversitéSaint-Joseph. Le Pape Léon XIII, dans son audience du 25 février 1881, confère le titred’Université pontificale à l’USJ. L’article traite de l’histoire de l’USJ, premier grand établissementjésuite francophone de la région qui, à l’époque, porte le nom de « Syrie ». On évoqueles différentes étapes de la création de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth durant la période1875 à 1914. L’objectif de cet article est de témoigner du rôle central que l’USJ a joué dans laformation des élites du pays pour la période étudiée. En effet, les anciens étudiants occupentles postes-clés et y assument des charges importantes notamment dans la fonction publique.ABSTRACT :The origins of Saint Joseph University in Beirut (SJU) go back to the seminary founded by theJesuits in Ghazīr in 1843. The Collège in Ghazīr, intended to train the local Maronite clergy,relocated to Beirut in 1875, where it took the name of Saint Joseph University. In an audienceon February 25th, 1881, Pope Leo XIII gave the USJ the status of pontifical university. This articleexamines the history of the USJ, the first large francophone Jesuit institution in the regionreferred to at the time as “Syria.” It will look at each of the different stages of the creation ofSaint Joseph University in Beirut from 1875 to 1914. The author argues that the USJ played acentral role in educating the elites of the region during that period. Students of the USJ wenton to occupy important positions, particularly in the public service.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Les phases de l'évolution de l'Université Saint-Joseph à Beyrouth : Les premières décennies (1875-1914)

Herzstein

2012

HSE/RHE

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“…In March 1920, the Jewish Agency signed an agreement of economic cooperation with the Maronites and thereby initiated the contact with the Maronite Patriarch Elias Hoyek (Kaufman, 2001, p. 185). The idea of establishing a state for the Christians in Lebanon was first raised by the French consul Prosper Bourêe in the 1830s but it was until the end of the World War I that the Lebanese delegation submitted a memorandum to a conference of a great powers in San Francisco asking its members to consider that possibility.…”

Section: The Early Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Israel and Lebanon: Relations Under Stress

Abadi

2020

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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This article provides an analysis of the course of Israeli-Lebanese relations and its purpose is to shed light on the contacts between the Maronites in Lebanon and the State of Israel. It argues that the primary reason for the Maronites’ willingness to cooperate with the Jews was the fear that the rising tide of Arab nationalism in Lebanon would have adverse effects on their survival as a religious minority. Moreover, it demonstrates that these contacts laid the background for cooperation between the two communities which survived the vicissitudes of the Lebanese civil wars and still plays a role in Israeli foreign policy.

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“…As a counter‐movement to Arab nationalism, the Maronite Christians advanced Lebanese nationalism to ‘postulate their traditional particularism in nationalistic terms’ (Firro : 1). One of the main arguments of Lebanese nationalists was that the Lebanese people are different from the Arabs particularly because of their Phoenician heritage, a myth supported by the French with their archaeological excavations in Lebanon in the nineteenth century (Kaufman : 174). The French mandate (1920/23–1943) further nurtured the ascendance of Lebanese nationalism and provided a major setback for Arab and Greater Syrian nationalists with the proclamation of Greater Lebanon.…”

Section: Nationalisms In Lebanon and Their Significance In Education mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of nationalisms on citizenship education: revealing a ‘dark side’ in Lebanon

Akar

Albrecht

2017

Nations and Nationalism

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The development of education policies is in many aspects driven by nationalist aims, especially when demonstrating postcolonial autonomy. In the case of Lebanon, Arab and Lebanese forms of nationalism have framed education policy development when transitioning out of the French mandate to an independent republic and during pan‐Arab movements against colonialism. Following 15 years of armed conflict (1975–1990), the reformed national curriculum for citizenship drew on a negotiated compromise between advocates of Lebanese and Arab nationalism to foster a unifying national identity. The practices and outcomes of citizenship education, however, reveal degrees of social exclusion, barriers to learning active citizenship, infringement on intellectual freedoms and denial of thinking historically. Evidence is drawn from empirical studies, the state of affairs of history education and student registration figures in Lebanese and non‐Lebanese systems. The findings raise debates on the role of language in citizenship education and suggest a need to reconceptualise the implementation of nationalist aims in education policies, especially by incorporating elements of cosmopolitanism.

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Pheonicianism: The Formation of an Identity in Lebanon of 1920

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Les phases de l'évolution de l'Université Saint-Joseph à Beyrouth : Les premières décennies (1875-1914)

Les phases de l'évolution de l'Université Saint-Joseph à Beyrouth : Les premières décennies (1875-1914)

Israel and Lebanon: Relations Under Stress

Influences of nationalisms on citizenship education: revealing a ‘dark side’ in Lebanon

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