Phenytoin-induced toxicity in the postnatal cerebellar development in rat: effect of calotropis procera on selective biochemical and haematological variables

Imosemi, IO; Osinubi, AA; Saalu, LC; Olagunju, J A

doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v4i6.64974

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements. These antioxidants act as free radical scavengers by preventing and repairing damages caused by ROS, and therefore can enhance the immune defenses and lower the risk of cancer and degenerative diseases (Imosemi et al, 2010). In the present study, cadmium induced oxidative stress as shown by significantly increased level of LPO and decreased level of SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx compared with control and Lycopersicon esculentum groups on day 21.…”

Section: Cerebellar Astrocyte Count Of Day 28 Pupssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Ten (10) tablets of 100mg each (i.e. 1000mg) was dissolved in 2.5ml of tap water to a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and then 0.5ml (200mg) was administered to the animals in group V(cadmium + Vitamin C) by using an oral cannula daily throughout gestation period till the postnatal day 21 of birthed pups (Imosemi et al, 2010;Uchendu, 2018).…”

Section: Standard Vitamin C Was Purchased From Kunlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective potentials of Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in postnatal developing cerebellum of rats

Ohiorenuan¹,

Wuraola²

2020

Anat. J. Afr.

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The neuroprotective potemtials of Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extract on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in postnatal developing cerebellum of rats. Twenty-five pregnant Wistar rats (110-200g) were divided into five groups (n=5) and used for the experiment. Group I served as control and received water, Group II received 0.5mg/kg of Cadmium only, Group III received 50mg/kg aqueous extract of Lycopersicon esculentum only, Group IV received 0.5mg/kg body weight of cadmium+50mg/kg aqueous extract of Lycopersicon esculentum and Group V received 0.5mg/kg of cadmium +200mg/kg of vitamin C, orally from the first day of gestation to postnatal day 21. Lycopersicon esculentum was administered one hour before the administration of cadmium. Neurobehavioural tests was done on the pups of day 21. Then, pups of day 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 were weighed, sacrificed and their brains dissected out, weighed with the cerebellum preserved for biochemical and histomorphological evaluations. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. Cadmium-treated rats showed significant decreased in body and brain weight, decreased time spent on the forelimb grip, increased negative geotaxis, increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), and decreased glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the developing cerebellum. Histologically, there was persistent external granular layer (EGL), reduced molecular layer (ML) thickness and increased astrocytes population in the cerebellar cortex of cadmium-treated day 21pups. Lycopersicon esculentum extract and vitamin C reversed the behavioural and morphological alterations induced by cadmium toxicity. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress, behavioural deficit and morphological alterations in the postnatal developing cerebellum of rat was ameliorated by Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extracts as such may be a potential neuroprotective agent. Key words: Cadmium - oxidative stress - Lycopersicon esculentum – Neurobehaviour - Developing cerebellar cortex

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Section: Cerebellar Astrocyte Count Of Day 28 Pupssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Standard Vitamin C Was Purchased From Kunlementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective potentials of Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in postnatal developing cerebellum of rats

Ohiorenuan¹,

Wuraola²

2020

Anat. J. Afr.

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“…Calotropis procera leaf extract has been reported to posses antioxidant activity by increasing the glutathione levels and decreasing the rate at which lipid peroxidation occurred in the developing cerebellum (Imosemi et al, 2010), preventing delayed maturation of cells of the cerebellar cortex and depletion of Purkinje cells of the developing cerebellum in phenytoin-induced oxidative stress (Imosemi & Osinubi, 2011). And that the antioxidant property of Calotropis procera was comparable to standard antioxidants, vitamins C and E.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Role of Antioxidants in Cerebellar Development: A Review of Literature

Imosemi¹

2013

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY: Developmental pathologies may result from endogenous or xenobiotic-enhanced formation of reacting oxygen species (ROS), which oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules and/or alter signal transduction, and that the embryonic processes regulating the balance of ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage and repair, and ROS-mediated signal transduction may be important determinants of teratological risk. ROS can oxidize molecular targets such as DNA, protein, lipid in a process called oxidative stress resulting in cellular dysfunction and in utero death or teratogenicity. This review, consisting of literature search of journals and chapters in books aims at highlighting the importance of the cerebellum in controlling various motor activities in the body, as well as substances affecting cerebellar development with a view of providing an insight to the role antioxidants play in cerebellar development. It is interesting to note that the developing brain (especially the cerebellum, cerebrum and hippocampus) is highly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of ROS. Studies have shown that exposure to oxidants in the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of major congenital anomalies, as most vital organs in the body develop and some become functional within this period in offspring. Antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage in degenerative diseases including ageing, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, stroke and Parkinson's disease as such play a critical role in wellness and health maintenance. INTRODUCTIONThe consumption of some drugs and chemical substances at various doses could cause malformations in certain developing body organs especially when used during critical periods of development. Such malformations could reflect in the gross and microscopic appearances of affected organs in the mature organisms (Moore & Persaud, 1998). The critical stages of development at which such malformations occur in mammals correspond to the pre-natal and early postnatal lives. In the former circumstance, these substances when consumed by the mother, affect the embryos or foetus only if they cross the blood placental barrier. In the latter circumstance, the substances need to have been administered directly to the neonates or suckled in the breast milk in early post-natal life for them to affect development (Moore & Persaud).The cerebellum is a highly organized structure in which the Purkinje cells (Pc) are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex (Altman, 1969(Altman, , 1972a(Altman, , 1972b(Altman, , 1972c, and it is one of the first structure of the brain to differentiate, however, it achieves its mature configuration many months after birth (Wang & Zoghbi, 2001;Bouet et al., 2005). For this reason, the cerebellum is especially vulnerable to developmental irregularities on exposure to oxidants which generate free radicals resulting in oxidative stress (Wang & Zoghbi;Kern & Jones, 2006). Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant levels. Scientific evidence sugg...

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The Developing Cerebellum as a Target for Toxic Substances: Protective Role of Antioxidants

Enogieru

Momodu

2021

Cerebellum

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Phenytoin-induced toxicity in the postnatal cerebellar development in rat: effect of calotropis procera on selective biochemical and haematological variables

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Neuroprotective potentials of Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in postnatal developing cerebellum of rats

Neuroprotective potentials of Lycopersicon esculentum fruit extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in postnatal developing cerebellum of rats

The Role of Antioxidants in Cerebellar Development: A Review of Literature

The Developing Cerebellum as a Target for Toxic Substances: Protective Role of Antioxidants

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