Phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides from Plantago depressa and P. media growing in Buryatia

Abstract

The composition of phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides from leaves of Plantago depressa and P. media (Plantaginaceae) growing in Buryatia was studied. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids and acteoside were found in the studied plants; isoacteoside and plantamajoside, in P. media. The dominant compound in P. depressa was acteoside (8.72 mg/g); in P. media, plantamajoside (7.69 mg/g). These were responsible for the pronounced antiradical activity. Polysaccharide components that were extracted by water and an oxalate mixture were highly esterified pectinic substances with anti-atherogenic activity.Six species of Plantago are indigenous to the flora of Buryatia. Of these, P. depressa and P. media are widely distributed over the whole territory of the Republic and are used in traditional medicine under the common name tha ram for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, enteritis, colitis) and for tuberculosis and pneumonia [1,2]. Studies of the chemical composition of P. depressa and P. media showed that iridoids [3,4] and phenylpropanoids [5,6] were present. Information on the polysaccharide components of P. depressa and P. media has not been reported. The pharmacologically active components of Plantago extracts are phenylpropanoids, which are responsible for the antioxidant activity [7,8], and polysaccharides, which exhibit immunostimulating activity [9]. The goal of our work was to study the chemical composition of phenylpropanoids, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectinic substances from leaves of P. depressa and P. media growing in Buryatia.Preliminary experiments established that the total alcohol extracts of P. depressa and P. media exhibited high antiradical activity with IC 50 values (DPPH method) of 34.72 and 28.85 Pg/mL, respectively (Table 1). Fractionation of the extracts of both species produced series of fractions, among which the EtOAc extracts with the maximum amount of phenylpropanoids showed the highest activities. Chromatographic separation of these fractions with monitoring by HPTLC and the HPTLC/ DPPH method (HPTLC autography) succeeded in isolating the most active compounds and afforded five compounds. These were 1-4 from P. depressa and 1, 2, 4, and 5 from P. media. The compounds were identified using physicochemical data as the phenylpropanoids caffeic acid (1), acteoside (2), isoacteoside (3), chlorogenic acid (4), and plantamajoside (5). Leaves of P. depressa were found previously to contain 2, E-hydroxyacteoside, cistanoside F, campenoside I, and orobanchoside [5]. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were observed in this species for the first time. The presence of only 2 was observed in P. media so that 1, 4, and 5 were found in it for the first time. 2: R 1 = Rha, R 2 = caffeyl, R 3 = H 3: R 1 = Rha, R 2 = H, R 3 = caffeyl 5: R 1 = Glc, R 2 = caffeyl, R 3 = H O O OH OR 1 R 3 O OH OH R 2 O

Study of prebiotic potential and antioxidant activity in Plantago spp. leaves after enzymatic hydrolysis with hemicellulase and xylanase

“…Similar results have been reported by Kardošová [25], who determined arabinose (26.0%) as a predominant neutral monosaccharide in water-extractable polysaccharides from P. lanceolata leaves, while Samuelsen et al [26] reported almost equal levels of arabinose (8.8-24%), galactose (8-34%), and xylose (11-22%) in polysaccharide fractions from P. major leaves. Olennikov et al [27] determined a high content of galacturonic acid in water-extractable polysaccharides from P. media leaves (41.9-61.0%), confirming the presence of pectin-type polysaccharides, as well as galactose (15.6 and 13.6%) and arabinose (6.7 and 9.4%), suggesting the presence of arabinogalactans as side chains.…”

Plantamajoside — A current review

“…However, other scientists had found that younger leaves of P. major contained a higher concentration of plantamajoside than older leaves (Zubair et al, 2011). The leaves of Plantago media, P. major, P. lanceolata, Plantago depressa and P. asiatica were analyzed in several studies (Budzianowska et al, 2004;Zubair et al, 2011Zubair et al, , 2012aOlennikov et al, 2011;Gonda et al, 2013;Li et al, 2008). The highest content was found in P. major leaves with 12.43 mg g À1 DW (Zubair et al, 2012a,b).…”

Growth conditions modify the concentrations of bioactive caffeic acid derivatives, amino acids and the structure of <i>Plantago</i> leaves

“…The aerial parts of Plantago media L., P. major, P. lanceolata L., Plantago depressa (Willd.) and P. asiatica have been analyzed for the content of plantamajoside and verbascoside (Olennikov et al, 2011;Gonda et al, 2013). Bioactive plant components are well known from many plant species (Byamukama et al, 2015;Ogwuche et al, 2015;Adagba et al, 2017;Sawadogo et al, 2017).…”