Abstract:During combustion, 2π + π cycloaddition between phenylmaleimide moieties occurred as cross-linking reaction, which enhanced the char yield to achieve flame retardance and anti-dripping of the copolyester.
“…5e) was still long and covered with intumescent char layers. These combined results indicate that GSPZ-EP/DDM shows a far superior flame retardancy to DGEBA/DDM, which may be attributed to the high charring ability aroused by the full aromatic structure with tertiary amine in former’s network 56,57 , and the proposed mechanism will be illustrated in our further work.Fig. 5The flame retardancy of the cured resins evaluated by the UL-94 test.…”
Aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds are very important chemicals, which are currently produced mostly from petroleum. Here we report that a pyridazine-based compound 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (GSPZ) can be efficiently synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of guaiacol and succinic anhydride, both of which can be derived from biomass. GSPZ is then treated with bio-based epichlorohydrin to prepare the epoxy resin precursor GSPZ-EP. With 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane as curing agent, GSPZ-EP possesses higher glass transition temperature (187
o
C vs. 173
o
C) and shows a 140%, 70 and 93% increase in char yield (in N
2
), storage modulus (30
o
C) and Young’s modulus, respectively when compared with a standard petroleum-based bisphenol A epoxy resin. Moreover, the cured GSPZ-EP shows good intrinsic flame retardancy properties and is very close to the V-0 rating of UL-94 test. This work opens the door for production of aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds, which can be derived from biomass and employed to construct high performance polymers.
“…5e) was still long and covered with intumescent char layers. These combined results indicate that GSPZ-EP/DDM shows a far superior flame retardancy to DGEBA/DDM, which may be attributed to the high charring ability aroused by the full aromatic structure with tertiary amine in former’s network 56,57 , and the proposed mechanism will be illustrated in our further work.Fig. 5The flame retardancy of the cured resins evaluated by the UL-94 test.…”
Aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds are very important chemicals, which are currently produced mostly from petroleum. Here we report that a pyridazine-based compound 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (GSPZ) can be efficiently synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of guaiacol and succinic anhydride, both of which can be derived from biomass. GSPZ is then treated with bio-based epichlorohydrin to prepare the epoxy resin precursor GSPZ-EP. With 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane as curing agent, GSPZ-EP possesses higher glass transition temperature (187
o
C vs. 173
o
C) and shows a 140%, 70 and 93% increase in char yield (in N
2
), storage modulus (30
o
C) and Young’s modulus, respectively when compared with a standard petroleum-based bisphenol A epoxy resin. Moreover, the cured GSPZ-EP shows good intrinsic flame retardancy properties and is very close to the V-0 rating of UL-94 test. This work opens the door for production of aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds, which can be derived from biomass and employed to construct high performance polymers.
“…Moreover, the C/O ratios of PET/5%PACP and PET/4%PACP/1%T‐POSS were 7.34 and 6.89, respectively, which were higher than that of neat PET (2.36) and PET/1%T‐POSS (3.07). This implied that an aromatic structure formed, which was beneficial in improving the self‐extinguishment and flame inhibition of PET composites during combustion . Therefore, the fire‐retardant mechanism of the composite was attributed to the formation of a stabilized char layer containing a silicon–phosphate structure due to the reactions between the silicon and phosphorous elements.…”
Comparisons of indoor active and passive air sampling methods for emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants in Beijing, China offices Emerging Contaminants 2, 80 (2016);
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