Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Pharmacokinetics

Abstract

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C 6 -C 2 ) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.

Profiling hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, and phenylethanoid glycosides in baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata)

“…Naturally occurring iridoid glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides which are widely distributed in plants have stimulated the research interest due to their wide range of health-promoting bioactivity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effect (Dinda, Debnath, & Banik, 2011; Tundis, Loizzo, Menichini, Statti, & Menichini, 2008; Xue, & Yang, 2016; Fu, Pang, & Wong, 2008). …”

Pedicularis condensata Türüne ait Anatomi ve Aktivite Çalışmaları

“…İridoit glikozitlerinin nöroprotektif, antikanser, antienflamatuvar, immunomodülatör, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, hipoglisemik, hipolipidemik, yara iyileştirici, koleretik, antialerjik, anksiyolitik etki ortaya koyduğu gösterilmiştir (19). Feniletanoit glikozitleri üzerinde yapılan çalışmalarda hepatoprotektif, antioksidan, sitotoksik, antienflamatuvar, α-glukozidaz inhibitör, nöroprotektif, antibakteriyal, antiviral, immunomodulatör etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (20). Bu türün daha önce yapılmış anatomik incelemesine literatürde rastlanmadığından bu çalışmada anatomik yapısına da yer verilmiştir.…”

6‐O‐(3″, 4″‐di‐O‐trans‐cinnamoyl)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosylcatalpol and verbascoside: Cytotoxicity, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, and ROS production evaluation in tumor cells

“…Despite the fact that it belongs to a different phytochemical group, verbascoside (acteoside, Verb; Figure ) is a phenylethanoid glycoside that has been frequently isolated from the same starting plant materials as ACDs . As suggested by their names, phenylethanoid glycosides are characterized by a specific phenethyl aglycon attached to a glucose core unit that often forms an ester and glycosidic linkages with aromatic acids (caffeic, cinamic, ferulic acids) and additional sugar units (rhamnose, xylose), respectively . Verb is by far the most notable class congener since it was recently included in several clinical trials evaluating its protective effects in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or primary chronic glomerulonephritis .…”

“…[5,9] As suggested by their names, phenylethanoid glycosides are characterized by a specific phenethyl aglycon attached to a glucose core unit that often forms an ester and glycosidic linkages with aromatic acids (caffeic, cinamic, ferulic acids) and additional sugar units (rhamnose, xylose), respectively. [10] Verb is by far the most notable class congener since it was recently included in several clinical trials evaluating its protective effects in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or primary chronic glomerulonephritis. [11,12] Several studies have already shown that Verb might exert important cytotoxic effects in a wide panel of tumor cell lines, with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and modulation of apoptotic-related gene protein expression as the most investigated mechanisms.…”